O objetivo deste estudo é a análise da eficiência produtiva sobre os custos bancários, tendo por base a banca portuguesa. Nesta investigação adotou-se a abordagem de intermediação na conceItualização da empresa bancária. Incluem-se na análise da eficiência os custos financeiros além dos operacionais. A especificação custo adotada é a forma funcional Fourier devido ao caráter multiproduto da empresa bancária. A amostra corresponde à quase totalidade dos bancos portugueses com dados não consolidados em painel. O estudo da ineficiência é elaborado recorrendo ao modelo estocástico da curva fronteira. A taxa de ineficiência média estimada é de cerca de 4%. Em síntese, o processo de concentração, ainda inacabado, do sector bancário português, parece justificar- se pela possibilidade de diminuição da ineficiência-X.
Because of its importance as a key factor to economic development, the study of entrepreneurship has been considerably developed in the past decades. Entrepreneurship is broadly diversified, which is associated with, for example, studies in the field of business, social, female, and young entrepreneurship. If, on the one hand, it is a fact that entrepreneurship and its study are mainly associated with the private initiative, there is, on the other hand, a question to be asked: Is there entrepreneurship in the public sector? Though still incipient, the study of entrepreneurship applied to the public sector and the acts of the public managers as entrepreneurs have revealed themselves to be themes with increasing interest. To contribute to a better conceptual understanding of this theme, namely its questions, ideas, and current debate, this work presents some theoretical reflexions and a relevant literature review on entrepreneurship in a public sector context.
Portugal is one of the world’s largest footwear exporters and a leader in the fashion footwear segment However, these exports are mostly under private level brands, and not own brands. The aim of this work is to analyse strategies for the implementation of own brands within the scope of International Trade, pursuing international recognition. The exploratory investigation is based on a questionnaire to companies, owners of own brands and with international experience. Most of the companies studied are growing, family-based SMEs. The results indicate that Portuguese brands exhibit at European fairs, with little international recognition (contrary to what happens with the footwear industry). With the application of the Principal Component Analysis, it is concluded that the classic means of promotion and the new means of communication via social networks are not seen in an integrated, complementary way. Analysing the interdependence of the main components, it is concluded that when the industry's action is relevant in the business perspective, it appears that there is a significant number of companies that follow these initiatives. Only companies with development/innovation work show motivation to create their own brands. International recognition is explained by the promotion of the sector and the export dynamics of companies.
RESUMOSão muitas as evidências que estabelecem uma relação directa entre o empreendedorismo de uma comunidade e o desenvolvimento económico local. Inúmeros investigadores argumentam que qualquer processo de desenvolvimento económico está associado a inovações geradas por empreendedores. Desta forma, ao empreendedorismo associa-se, na maior parte das vezes, a introdução de inovações na economia, tendo como consequência a evolução e o desenvolvimento da própria sociedade.O objectivo desta comunicação é analisar o fenómeno do empreendedorismo e da inovação nas micro e pequenas empresas de Bragança e Macedo de Cavaleiros bem como o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento local. A recolha de dados foi feita através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas elaboradas com base no questionário de um estudo concluído em Barcelona, pela Universidade da Catalunha, em 2006. Foram recolhidos dados de 65 empresas no período de Novembro de 2010 a Fevereiro de 2011. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos empreendedores é do género masculino (70,8%), tem em média 44,7 anos de idade, possui até 9 anos de escolaridade (65,4%) e antes da criação da própria empresa, trabalhava por conta de outrem (83,1%). Estes empreendedores operam em diversos sectores de actividade, destacando-se, o comércio e a restauração e a construção civil. As empresas estudadas empregam, em média, 5 trabalhadores e 50,8% atingem um volume de negócios até 100.000 euros, dando um contributo positivo para o desenvolvimento local. Palavras-chave:Desenvolvimento local, Empreendedorismo, Inovação, Micro-pequenas empresas. ABSTRACTThere are many evidences that establish a direct relationship between the entrepreneurial community and local economic development. Many researchers argue that any economic development process is associated with innovations generated by entrepreneurs. Thus,
Entrepreneurship is an increasingly studied international phenomenon, often being understood as a way of creating jobs and boosting economic growth, development, and innovation. This chapter aims to take on the problem related to gender and entrepreneurship in the Portuguese society. The goal is to explain the concept of entrepreneur, behavioral, and social differences between the masculine and the feminine gender as entrepreneurs and identify Portuguese female entrepreneurs. A qualitative, multiple case studies methodology is applied to the sample of eight Portuguese female entrepreneurs, the data collection instrument being the semi-structured interview. Regarding the obtained results, it can be stated that the majority of the interviewees has entrepreneurs in the family, the father being the most mentioned figure as booster of entrepreneur activity. The wish for personal realization and independence are the main factors that motivated self-employment. No entrepreneur felt any discrimination or gender inequality as a female entrepreneur.
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