A coherent account of adsorption modes, dynamics, selfaggregation, and spectroscopic properties of an indoline organic dye adsorbed on TiO 2 anatase (101) substrates is reported. The study is performed by combining reactive molecular dynamics (reaxFF) simulations with time-dependent density functional theory calculations, and the reliability of the results is assessed through comparison with theoretical and experimental data available in the literature. The use of a theoretical multilevel approach has proven to be crucial to gain a deep understanding, at an atomistic level, of the morphology and electronic properties of dye-sensitized heterogeneous interfaces. A realistic description of the functionalized anatase (101) interface, where a variety of binding modes are present, has been achieved by means of extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the adsorption of dye clusters made of different molecular units on medium/large size TiO 2 anatase slabs. Our results disclose that the main driving forces toward formation of ordered surface aggregates are π stacking and T-shaped interactions between the aromatic rings of the donor moiety of the molecules, as well as the tendency to maximize the anchoring points with the surface. The dye aggregates were found to be organized in domains, characterized by a different orientation of the packing units, and, in the high coverage limit, presenting a certain degree of short-to-medium range order.

Africa is at present one of the most dynamic continents. It will play a key role in the next decades in relation to the growth of cities, and environmental conditions will be of primary importance. The structural lack of water and sanitation infrastructure affects the development of growing African cities. This paper analyses the status of the sanitation and drainage systems of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), a city with a structural lack and general deterioration of the existing infrastructure, and with high annual growth, which has contributed to increasing water demand and strained the water and sanitation system. In particular, the paper describes the water and sanitation conditions of the city, and examines three areas in the city that highlight the relation among the evolution of the city's growth, sanitation system, and type of settlement. The analysis leads to three main findings. Firstly, urban planning and water management must find common ground and work closely together. Secondly, both on-site (boreholes, wells, on-site latrines, etc.) and off-site (pipes) systems should be considered for the provision and safe discharge of water. Finally, local governments need to take a major step in the water and sanitation sectors in relation to the city.

The greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU) are mainly caused by human activity from five sectors—power, industry, transport, buildings, and agriculture. To tackle all these challenges, the EU actions and policies have been encouraging initiatives focusing on a holistic approach but these initiatives are not enough coordinated and connected to reach the much needed impact. To strengthen the important role of regions in climate actions, and stimulate wide stakeholders' engagement including citizens, a conceptual framework for enabling rapid and far-reaching climate actions through multi-sectoral regional adaptation pathways is hereby developed. The target audience for this framework is composed by regional policy makers, developers and fellow scientists. The scale of the framework emphasizes the regional function as an important meeting point and delivery arena for European and national climate strategies and objectives both at urban and rural level. The framework is based on transformative and no-regret measures, prioritizing the Key Community Systems (KCS) that most urgently need to be protected from climate impacts and risks.