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Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is stiffer than the virgin material due to aging, thus it is expected to have worse cracking resistance. By adding bio-based rejuvenators, RAP binder mechanical performances at low temperatures improve: fracture toughness temperature of RAP decreases after the addition of rejuvenators to a level similar to the virgin binder. Furthermore, work to fracture of RAP binder increases after the addition of rejuvenators. Addition of rejuvenators to RAP binder can restore both mechanical properties and toughness at low temperature. However, despite the rejuvenators' addition, physio-chemical oxidation did not reverse as mechanical changes were not caused by chemical changes at functional groups level. Results confirmed how considering the effect of aging is crucial when studying how rejuvenators affect the RAP binder chemically and mechanically.

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Rejuvenator is an oil that can be added during asphalt production to restore Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) binder. Ten potential locations for rejuvenator addition in asphalt plant were 16 ranked in terms of pavement performance, plant operation, and environmental safety. A full scale 17 production was performed to compare rejuvenator addition to cold RAP on conveyor belt versus 18 addition to hot RAP in mixer (video https://youtu.be/LYBq93e8BG0). Mixture test results indicated that spraying of rejuvenator onto cold RAP facilitates rejuvenator diffusion in RAP 20 binder resulting in improved asphalt fatigue and crack propagation resistance. Both addition 21 locations generated equal organic carbon emissions from asphalt plant. 22

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