Este documento describe el proceso de formación de los cadetes en su evolución como líderes militares, a partir de cambios físicos, mentales y corporales que presentan en las diferentes fases de estudio que tienen como alumnos de la escuela militar. Se utilizan aleatoriamente hombres y mujeres de distintos semestres que cursan los programas académicos ofrecidos por la escuela militar, para identificar patrones comunes en la evolución corporal que sirven para mostrar la importancia que tiene la escuela militar como institución formadora de líderes militares de cara a los diferentes retos que deben afrontar los futuros militares en cada una de las regiones del país.
Este documento parte de un modelo no cooperativo, en el cual si una mujer trabaja y el hogar presenta otros ingresos, se disminuyen las agresiones físicas hacia la mujer. Se usan variables que inciden en la violencia por parte del jefe del hogar y provocan daños en el vínculo cooperativo del padre hacia la mujer y la familia. Los resultados muestran que si la mujer tiene mayor educación, esta casada, lleva mas tiempo con su pareja, tiene mayor edad y el estrato social es más alto, se reduce la violencia física hacia la mujer. En casos de mujeres víctimas de agresiones físicas por parte del jefe del hogar, en su mayoría se trata de mujeres que están casadas y trabajan.
A57and disability prevalence by age group through national databases of healthcare attentions. A systematic literature search and a modified Delphi were performed to obtain other necessary information like mortality, disability distribution by severity, and duration of sequelae. These data were then used to estimate CVD burden of disease for Colombia. DALY estimation considered recent methodological changes introduced in Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Updated life expectancy tables, no discount rate, and absence of age-weighting are the main changes from previous methodology. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of changing these parameters. CVD burden of disease was also estimated for the five year period 2009-2013. Results: We estimated 1.31 incident cases of CVD/1,000 for Colombia in 2014. DALY, years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) were 14/1,000, 7.1/1,000 and 6.9/1,000, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed important differences in the estimation, when parameters of the estimation changed. ConClusions: CVD incidence, mortality and burden of disease estimations performed in this study agree with data from other studies. CVD is a relevant cause of disability and mortality in Colombia. This disease is a priority for Colombian health policy. Identifying the most vulnerable groups is essential to create effective prevention and promotion programs. PCV100The UPTake of NoN-ViTamiN k oral aNTiCoagUlaNTs iN irelaNd: BalaNCiNg CosT-effeCTiVeNess aNalysis aNd BUdgeT imPaCT
Main outcomes were quality adjusted life years (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for the different treatment options. Transition probabilities were obtained from primary studies comparing these drugs and costs from local databases and studies. We used a threshold of 3 times the Colombian per capita GDP to assess cost-effectiveness (equivalent to USD= 23 337 for 2014; USD 1= COP 2000). Results: Total costs related to dulaglutide, liraglutide and glargine were USD 12 798, USD 15 135 and USD 7 826 and yielded 3.311 QALY, 3.227 QALY and 3.156 QALY, respectively. The comparison between dulaglutide and liraglutide results in the former dominating, given the lower total costs and higher QALYs produced. When comparing dulaglutide with glargine, the estimated ICER is USD 32 081, which is greater than the threshold. Discount rate or time horizon variations do not change the result significantly. Sensibility analysis shows that decreased duglutide cost, increased utility for weight loss, value attached to non-daily injection, and number and cost of glucometry could lower the ICER below the threshold. ConClusions: Our cost-effectiveness estimation indicates that dulaglutide dominates liraglutide. However, its ICER is greater than the accepted threshold for Colombia when compared to glargine. Lowering its cost would make it a more appealing alternative for Colombian healthcare system given the benefits in weight loss and weekly administration. EN4 EstimatiNg thE sociEtal costs associatEd With glp-1ras iN thE UNitEd statEs For thE trEatmENt oF typE 2 diabEtEs
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