The sponge Darwinella sp. was collected in Rio de Janeiro's coast and its methanolic extract showed leishmanicidal activity. The crude extract was partitioned in three fractions: hexane, AcOEt and XAD fractions. This last one was obtained by resin adsorption (mixture of XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins) of organic constituents from the aqueous fraction and subsequent recovery by extraction from the resins mixture. All of three fractions were also tested in leishmanicidal bioassay. The AcOEt fraction promoted 100% of parasite death. This fraction was separated into less complex fractions by size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex ® LH-20) and solid phase extractions (SPE). The compounds were isolated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with on-line UV detector. Seven substances were isolated, which four of them were spectroscopically identified. The membranolide, the oxeatamide A methyl ester, the oxeatamide H and the oxeatin are spongian diterpenes with nitrogenous aplysulphurane skeleton, except for the membranolide. The oxeatamides are a series of nitrogenous aplysulphurane metabolites that includes the oxeatamide A methyl ester and the oxeatamide H. All of these compounds, except the oxeatamide H, were evaluated for antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania infantum. None of these compounds displayed leishmanicidal activity.
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