The pathogen Moliniophthora perniciosa can cause losses in the cocoa crop of more than 90% when integrated disease management is not carried out in the crop. In the present study, the effect of sucrose as a resistance inducer in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.), was evaluated for the management of the “witches’ broom” disease caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa. The experiment was developed in the municipality of Chaparral, Tolima, Colombia (854 m.a.s.l.). The treatments corresponded to 0.9 M sucrose: injected (T1), foliar spray (T2) and without sucrose (T3). A completely randomized block design with three treatments was established. The results showed that the incidence and severity of the disease in the trees treated with sucrose were lower. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme presented its highest activity in T3, while peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in T2. It was observed that sucrose as an inducer, can alter metabolic pathways involved in the defense mechanisms of cocoa trees, reducing the incidence and severity, thus establishing an alternative for the management of “witches' broom” disease in producing countries.
Este trabajo desarrollado en la Universidad del Tolima (Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia), tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del silicio como inductor de resistencia sistémica y el antagonismo de T. viride frente a la marchitez vascular del tomate híbrido Santa Clara (S. lycopersicum L.) causado por F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Se evaluó el efecto inductor del silicio en la respuesta de defensa del tomate sobre parámetros epidemiológicos de la enfermedad y a través de análisis bioquímico se evaluó la actividad de la enzima Polifenoloxidasa (PPO). Se empleó un diseño factorial con ocho tratamientos y 12 réplicas. Se encontró una reducción del 47 % en la severidad foliar en las plantas tratadas con silicio y T. viride respecto a las plantas que no fueron tratadas con silicio. Además, se encontró un incremento en la actividad enzimática de la Polifenoloxidasa (PPO) en las plantas que fueron tratadas con silicio y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 2,29 U/mg de proteína respecto a las que no fueron tratadas con silicio e inoculadas y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 0,36 U/mg de proteína.
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