It has been demonstrated that a small percentage (approximately 15%) of glioblastomas (GBM) presents an oligodendroglial component with a variable frequency of chromosome 1p and 19q deletions, the genetic alteration related to chemotherapy response and longer survival in oligodendrogliomas. There is a growing interest in investigating 1p and 19q losses in hybrid gliomas and their impact on prognosis. A series of 88 GBMs was investigated regarding 1p and/or 19q losses, 24 with oligodendroglioma-like areas, using quantitative microsatellite analysis and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization. When present, the oligodendroglial and astrocytic components were independently investigated. Clinical data, histology, and 1p/19q status were correlated. Tumors with oligodendroglial components showed three cases each of 1p or 19q loss and one with combined 1p/19q loss. No difference in 1p or 19q status was observed between the oligodendroglial and astrocytic components. Conventional GBM demonstrated isolated 1p loss in four cases and 19q loss in five. No association was seen between 1p/19q status and histology. Deletions at 1p and/or 19q were infrequent in GBMs with oligodendroglial components. Despite the hybrid phenotype, the pattern of genetic changes at 1p and 19q was not different from that usually observed in conventional GBMs, nor did it show any correlation with survival.

-In the past few years, the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 has been used by researchers in order to retrospectively study paraffin imbibed tumor fragments. The medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in childhood. The objectives were: determination of the mean Mib-1 LI value from these patients, as well as the prognostic value of the method.This retrospective study represents an analysis of the cellular proliferation index of posterior fossa medulloblastomas collected from 22 patients at A.C. Camargo Hospital, from January 1990 to December 1999. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by H&E and proliferative index (LI) was achived with Mib-1 which detects proliferating cells during G1, G2, S and M phases.The results demostrated that the mean Mib-1 was 30,1%, and ranged from 5,2% to 62,0%.In conclusion, this method has prognostic value, has to be used as routine for patients harboring medulloblastomas and the ones who have PI greater than the mean value found in this study, should be treated aggressively.KEY WORDS: medulloblastoma, labelling index (LI), MIB-1, prognostic factors. Meduloblastoma: avaliação do padrão proliferativo pelo anticorpo monoclonal Mib-1, correlação prognóstica e implicações terapêuticasRESUMO -Nos últimos anos, o anticorpo monoclonal Mib1 tem sido bastante utilizado pelos pesquisadores para estudo retro e prospectivo, pela possibilidade de se obter um índice de proliferação de fragmentos tumorais conservados em parafina. O meduloblastoma é o tumor maligno mais freqüente do sistema nervoso central na infância. Os objetivos do trabalho foram determinar a média IP através do Mib-1 destas neoplasias, e estabelecer seu valor prognóstico. Neste trabalho foi determinado retrospectivamente o índice de proliferação celular de tumores extraídos de 22 pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma da fossa craniana posterior, tratados no Departamento de Neurocirurgia do Hospital A.C. Camargo de S. Paulo, no período de janeiro de 90 a dezembro de 99. O diagnóstico histopatológico de meduloblastoma foi confirmado pela coloração pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e o IP foi determinado através do marcador tumoral anticorpo monoclonal Mib1, que detecta as células em proliferação tumoral nas fases G1, G2, S e M do ciclo celular. Os resultados mostraram que a média do IP Mib1 foi de 30,1%, e variou de 5,2% a 62,0%. A conclusão é que este método tem valor prognóstico, deve ser realizado como rotina no diagnóstico anatomopatológico dos pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma e que aqueles com IP Mib1 maior que a média deverão ser submetidos a tratamentos adjuvantes mais agressivos. The behaviour of a brain neoplasm is not predictable by routine pathological diagnosis. Many parameters are involved in order to analize the biological behaviour of a brain tumor, however the proliferative index evaluated by MIB-1 has been applied to different types of brain neoplasm with important prognostic correlation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . MIB -1 is a monoclonal antibody (ma) which binds to a ...

A s enteroparasitoses ocupam importante papel n a morbidade da população nos países em desenvol vimento. Participam efetivamente de um a gama variá vel de manifestações próprias do aparelho digestivo e de outros sistemas, às vezes contribuindo direta ou indiretamente para a causa de m orte1 4 7 9 14 16 17.Inúmeros levantamentos epidemiológicos feitos no Brasil2 5 8 13 confirmam sua importância, aler tando a prática m édica a este respeito. Curiosamente, são poucos os levantamentos em que foram utilizados protocolos de necrópsias, talvez porque nestas ge ralmente explora-se muito pouco as enteroparasitoses. Restringem-se aos registros de infecções maciças^1 12, de localizações insólitas! 5 ou de situações quando o homem se com porta como hospedeiro interme diário3 10. N o intuito de contribuir com estes levantamen tos nos propusemos a avaliar em m aterial de ne cropsia a ocorrência de enteroparasitoses. Enten demos que as fezes colhidas em necrópsias poderiam representar um a am ostra mais fiel da incidência real destes agentes. Perm itiriam ainda complementar o exame microscópico de fezes com o macroscópico de todo o conteúdo do tubo digestivo.

The possible contribution of parasitism of the central vein of the adrenal gland (CVAG) to chronic Trypanosoma cruzi myocarditis was assayed by comparing the occurrence of nests of amastigotes in the left ventricular myocardium (LVM) and determining the number and extent of areas of focal leucocyte exudate (FLE) in Chagas disease patients with and without CVAG parasitism. The frequency of occurrence of T. cruzi nests in the LVM, as well as the FLE number and area, were greater among patients with CVAG parasitism. We therefore suggest that CVAG parasitism plays a role in the onset and intensity of chronic T. cruzi myocarditis.