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Purpose To evaluate the outcome of patients with uterine carcinosarcoma undergoing sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. Methods A prospectively maintained database was reviewed for all women with uterine cancer treated at our institution from 1/1/98–8/31/14. Patients were grouped based on whether they had undergone SLN mapping or routine lymphadenectomy at the time of staging. SLN evaluation was performed according to a standard institutional protocol that incorporates a surgical algorithm and pathologic ultrastaging. Results We identified 136 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma who had undergone lymph node evaluation; 48 had surgical staging with SLN mapping and 88 had routine lymphadenectomy consisting of pelvic and/or paraaortic lymph node dissection. Stage distribution for the SLN group included: stage I, 31(65%); stage II, 1(2%); stage III, 11(23%); stage IV, 5(10%). Stage distribution for the non-SLN group included: stage I, 48(55%); stage II, 4(4%); stage III, 19(22%); stage IV, 17(19%) (p=0.4). Median number of lymph nodes removed was 8 and 20, respectively (p≤0.001). Median number of positive nodes was similar between the groups(p=0.2). Of the 67 patients who had a documented recurrence, 14/20(70%) in the SLN and 34/47(74%) in the non-SLN group demonstrated a distant/multifocal pattern of recurrence. There was no difference in median progression-free survival between the groups (23 vs 23.2 months, respectively; p=0.7). Conclusions Progression-free survival in women with uterine carcinosarcoma undergoing SLN mapping with adjuvant therapy appears similar to that of patients treated prior to the incorporation of the SLN protocol. Additional prospective studies with longer follow-up are necessary to validate these early results.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to determine progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with serous uterine carcinoma undergoing sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping compared with patients undergoing standard lymphadenectomy. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all uterine cancer patients treated at our institution from 2005 to 2015. Patients were separated into two cohorts: those who underwent SLN mapping at the time of staging (SLN) and those who underwent routine lymphadenectomy (the non-SLN group). SLN mapping was performed according to institutional protocol, incorporating a surgical algorithm and pathologic ultrastaging. Results. Overall, 248 patients were identified—153 SLN mappings and 95 routine lymphadenectomies (pelvic and/or paraaortic lymph node dissection). No significant difference in age or body mass index was observed between the groups (p = 0.08 and p = 0.9, respectively). Minimally invasive surgery was utilized in 117/153 (77%) SLN patients and 30/95 (32%) non-SLN patients (p = <0.001).Stage distribution for the SLN and non-SLN cohorts demonstrated 106/153 (69%) and 59/95 (62%) patients with stage I/II disease, respectively, and 47/153 (31%) and 36/95 (38%) patients with stage III/IV disease, respectively (p = 0.3). The median number of nodes removed was 12 (range, 1–50) in the SLN cohort versus 21 (range, 1–75) in the non-SLN cohort (p = <0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with radiation therapy was administered in 122/153 (80%) SLN patients and 79/95 (83%) non-SLN patients; radiotherapy alone was administered in 12/153 (8%) SLN patients and 7/95 (7%) non-SLN patients (p = 0.8). At a median follow-up of 40 months, the 2-year PFS rates were 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68–83%) in the SLN group and 71% (95% CI, 61–79%) in the non-SLN group (p = 0.3). Conclusions. Incorporation of the SLN mapping algorithm into the staging of uterine serous cancer is feasible and does not appear to compromise prognosis. PFS in patients with uterine serous carcinoma undergoing SLN mapping, followed by adjuvant therapy, was similar to PFS in patients undergoing standard lymphadenectomy and adjuvant therapy.

ObjectiveTo report our experience using ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4, combined with radiation therapy in women diagnosed with mucosal melanoma of the lower genital tract.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients who received ipilimumab with concurrent radiation treatment of mucosal melanoma of the lower genital tract at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 2012 to 2015. Various clinicopathologic data and treatment response were abstracted and analyzed.ResultsFour patients were identified. Median age was 61.5 years (range 44–68); 3 were diagnosed with vaginal melanoma, 1 with cervical melanoma. All would have required extensive surgical procedures to remove entirety of disease. Median size of lesions was 4.7 cm (range, 3.3–5.3); all were Ballantyne stage I. Median number of doses of upfront ipilimumab was 4 (range, 3–4). Two patients suffered CTCAE grade 3 adverse events (colitis, rash). All received external beam radiation: 3 to 3000 cGy, 1 to 6020 cGy. Post-radiation surgical resection was performed in 3 patients (75%); 1 (33%) of 3 patients achieved complete pathologic response. Complete local radiographic response was observed in all patients after completion of initial therapy and surgery. Two developed recurrence at 9 and 10 months post-diagnosis (mediastinum, lung); 2 remain disease-free at 20 and 38 months.ConclusionsMucosal melanoma of the lower genital tract is rare, and data-driven treatment strategies limited. Immunotherapy has demonstrated durable efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous melanomas. Our small case series shows a favorable response to combined ipilimumab and radiation therapy. Larger studies are needed to validate these promising results.

Background Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) is a standard component of the management for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer or squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Pelvic RT leads to permanent and irreversible ovarian failure in young women. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of robotically assisted laparoscopic ovarian transposition (OT) before RT in women with rectal or anal cancer who wanted to preserve normal ovarian function. Methods The study reviewed the medical records of all patients treated at our institution from August 2009 to October 2014 who received robotically assisted laparoscopic OT for rectal or anal cancer before RT. Clinical and hormonal data were abstracted to determine ovarian function. Results The study identified 22 women with rectal (n = 20) or anal (n = 2) cancer. The median age of the women was 39 years (range 26–45 years). For one patient, OT was technically not feasible. The postoperative course was uneventful in all but one case. Follow-up data on ovarian function were unavailable for 3 patients. The median times from RT initiation to the last gynecologic or hormonal evaluation were 9 months (range 5–47 months) and 10.5 months (range 5–47 months), respectively. At the last gynecologic or hormonal follow-up visit, ovarian function was preserved in 12 (67%) of 18 evaluable patients, including 9 (90%) of 10 patients 40 years of age or younger and 3 (38%) of 8 patients older than 40 years (P = 0.07). Conclusions Robotically assisted laparoscopic bilateral OT is safe and can lead to preservation of ovarian function in two-thirds of patients with low gastrointestinal cancer undergoing pelvic RT. It should be considered in this setting, especially for women age 40 years or younger, to avoid premature menopause and its associated sequelae.

Objective To explore the impact of primary debulking surgery (PDS) to minimal but gross residual disease (RD) in women with bulky stage IIIC ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with the aforementioned diagnosis who underwent PDS at our institution from 01/2001–12/2010. Those with disease of non-epithelial histology or borderline tumors were excluded. Clinicopathologic data were abstracted, and appropriate statistical tests were used. Results We identified 496 eligible patients. Median age was 62 years; 91% had disease of serous histology. Patients were grouped by RD status: no gross RD, 184 (37%); RD of 1–5 mm, 127 (26%); RD of 6–10 mm, 54 (11%); and RD >10 mm, 131 (26%). With a median follow-up of 53 months, the median progression-free survivals (PFS) were: 26.7, 20.7, 16.2, and 13.6 months, respectively (p<0.001). The median overall survivals (OS) were 83.4, 54.5, 43.8, and 38.9 months, respectively (p<0.001). Among patients with RD following PDS, those with RD of 1–10 mm had improved PFS (p<0.001) and OS (p=0.001) compared with those with RD >10 mm. Patients with RD 1–10 mm who received intravenous/intraperitoneal (IV/IP) chemotherapy were younger and had prolonged OS compared with those solely exposed to IV chemotherapy (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions PDS to no gross RD was associated with the longest PFS and OS. However, cytoreduction to 1–10 mm of RD was also associated with better survival outcomes compared with cytoreduction to >10 mm of RD. We conclude that PDS remains an appropriate option for patients with a high likelihood of achieving RD ≤10 mm, especially for younger patients who can receive IV/IP chemotherapy after PDS.