Foi caracterizada a composição florística da vegetação de carrasco do sul do planalto da Ibiapaba em Novo Oriente, Ceará (5°28’ - 5°43’S e 40°52’ - 40º55’W ; 750-850 m de altitude), ocorrendo em Areias Quartzosas profundas. Foram coletadas 184 espécies, incluindo ervas, cipós, subarbustos, arbustos e árvores, distribuídas em 52 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Caesalpiniaceae (17), Fabaceae (16), Euphorbiaceae (15), Myrtaceae (11), Bignoniaceae (10) e Mimosaceae (9). De 102 espécies arbustivas e arbóreas da área estudada, 24 ocorreram em áreas de caatingas e cerrados, 29 em cerrados, 17 em caatinga, uma espécie em mata e 31 foram exclusivas do carrasco. Não foi possível definir se o carrasco é um cerradão degradado ou um tipo próprio de vegetação, sendo necessária para isso a realização de levantamentos em outras áreas similares.
The floristic composition of the vegetation in the southern part of the Ibiapaba plateau was studied at Novo Oriente, Ceará - Brazil (5°28’ - 5°43’S and 40°52’ - 40º55’W ; 750-850 m altitude). A total of 184 species in 52 families was collected, including herbs, vines, shrubs and trees. Families with the highest number of species were Caesalpiniaceae (17 species), Fabaceae (16 species), Euphorbiaceae (15 species), Myrtaceae (11 species), Bignoniaceae (10 species) and Mimosaceae (9 species). Of 102 shrub and tree species in the area, 24 occurred in both caatinga and cerrado, 29 in cerrado, 17 in caatinga, one in forest and 31 only in carrasco. It is not yet possible to define whether carrasco is a degraded cerradão or a type vegetation on its own. Surveys in other carrasco areas are necessary in order to contribute to solve this problem
To test whether the flora is organized in discrete or continuous units along a topographic gradient, three physiognomies were assessed on different soil classes in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil: caatinga (xeric shrubland) at altitudes from 300 to 500 m, deciduous forest at altitudes from 500 to 700 m and carrasco (deciduous shrubland) at 700 m. In each physiognomy a species inventory was carried out, and plants were classified according to life- and growth-forms. Species richness was higher in the deciduous forest (250) than in the carrasco (136) and caatinga (137). The caatinga shared only a few species with the carrasco (6 species) and the deciduous forest (18 species). The highest species overlap was between the deciduous forest and the carrasco (62 species). One hundred and four species occurred only in the caatinga, 161 only in the deciduous forest and 59 only in the carrasco. Woody species predominated in physiognomies on sedimentary soils with latosol and arenosol: 124 species occurred in the deciduous forest and 68 in the carrasco. In the caatinga on crystalline basement relief with predominance of planosol, herbs showed the highest species richness (69). Comparing the biological spectrum of Brazilian plant life-forms, the caatinga stood out with higher proportion of therophytes and chamaephytes. Considering the flora of the three phytophysiognomies studied here, we can affirm that the caatinga is a discrete floristic unit.
The Baturité Mountain Range, located in the State of Ceará (BRA), displays on its highest levels a vegetation viewed as a disjunction from the Atlantic Forest in the East of Brazil. Among the various attributes associated with this vegetation, the abundance of water resources and a high biodiversity have a more outstanding relevance. However, in view of the current accelerated deforestation process, those attributes may be threatened in a near future. Therefore, the present work is a comparative study with its focus on vegetal community organization (tree sinusiae) and the floristic similarity and the phytodiversity of two areas in different successive stages, preserved and deforested 24 years ago. The aim of that intent was to obtain information that could essentially shed light on the deforestation effects on tree vegetation and which could suggest scientific support regarding urgent projects of habitat reconstruction. The methodology used folowed the model utilized for rain forest, i.e. consisting of a random distribution of 10 × 20 m plots surveying the living woody species with DBH ≥ 5 cm. The results obtained suggest that a possible new physiognomy type is emerging on the Baturite Mountain Range because of deforestation. The Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae families were the ones that contributed most significantly to species richness, being the most outstanding for Areas 1 and 2, respectively. The deforestation which occurred in Area 2 eliminated 28 species and gave birth to a current densely distinct floristic composition.Key words: tropical forest, phytosociology, vegetation. RESUMOFitossociologia comparativa da sinúsia arbórea entre florestas contíguas em diferentes estádios de sucessão A Serra de Baturité, CE (BRA), apresenta em seus níveis mais elevados uma vegetação considerada disjunta da Mata Atlântica do Leste do Brasil. Dentre os vários atributos associados à essa vegetação, a abundância de recursos hídricos e uma elevada biodiversidade são destacadamente mais relevantes. Contudo, com o corrente processo de desflorestamento, esses atributos podem, em um futuro próximo, estar comprometidos. Assim, o presente trabalho estudou comparativamente a organização comunitária vegetal (sinúsia arbórea), a similaridade florística e a fitodiversidade de duas áreas em estádios sucessionais diferentes, preservadas e desflorestadas há 24 anos. Pretendeu-se, dessa forma, gerar informações que essencialmente esclarecessem os efeitos do desflorestamento sobre a vegetação arbórea e fornecessem suporte científico a urgentes projetos de reconstrução de habitat. A metodologia utilizada Rev. Brasil. Biol., 60(4) seguiu o padrão utilizado para florestas tropicais úmidas, isto é, consistiu em distribuir parcelas retangulares com dimensões de 10 × 20 m aleatoriamente nas áreas selecionadas e levantar as espécies lenhosas vivas em pé com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que uma possível nova arquitetura vegetacional esteja surgindo na Serra como decorrência do desflorestamento. As famílias Myrtaceae e Mimosaceae...
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