Examines the literature relating to the implementation of quality assurance systems and then uses a questionnaire to a number of organisations and consultants to compare “practice” with “theory”. Analyses the implementation process for quality assurance systems designed to meet the requirements of the ISO 9000 standard to identify the role of the different “actors” to find out which factors facilitate the implementation or make it more difficult. Suggests that the primary motivation for introducing ISO 9000 systems is to improve image and reputation rather than processes.
Many organisations use the ISO 9000 series as a reference framework to establish their quality assurance system. In doing so, most of them overlook the process of interpreting and adapting these standards to their own characteristics and capabilities. As a result, there is a misunderstanding with respect to the objectives of the standards. The correct implementation of the ISO 9000 series requires a preliminary analysis that facilitates the adaptation of them to the particular circumstances of a company. Therefore, this paper pays attention to the relationship existing between ISO 9000 implementation and the use of strategic diagnosis tools. The employment of such tools could be studied as an important facilitator for the ISO 9000 implementation process. However, this is not the aim of this research. Instead, the aim is threefold. First, the article analyses the use of strategic diagnosis tools by ISO 9000-certified companies before and after the implementation process. Second, it examines how aspects relative to the management of processes, the organisational structure, and the relationship with suppliers and customers, are going to determine the quality approach resulting from the ISO 9000 implementation. Finally, the paper aims to analyse the influence of the development of strategic diagnosis activities, prior to the implementation, on the quality approach adopted by firms.
Las normas de la serie ISO 9000 consisten en una serie de guías genéricas que indican qué puede hacer una empresa æcon independencia de su tamaño y sector de actividadæ para gestionar la calidad de sus productos y servicios, si bien no indican cómo debe hacerlo. Así pues, es la empresa en cada caso la que debe establecer los contenidos específicos del sistema de gestión y el modo de implementarlo. Se precisa, por tanto, de un proceso de comprensión y adaptación a la norma, aunque la realidad es distinta. Investigaciones previas a este trabajo revelaron diferencias entre la flexibilidad sugerida por la norma y la actuación de las empresas. Estas últimas utilizan procesos de implantación análogos con contenidos similares. Así pues, nos plantemos conocer los aspectos que las empresas consultadas consideran relevantes en el proceso de diseño e implantación del sistema, con la finalidad de comprender dicha diferencia. En este marco fijamos como objetivos concretos: (1) Conocer si las empresas que implantan un sistema de gestión de la calidad basado en las normas ISO 9000 han realizado un diagnóstico estratégico previo, estudiando para ello el uso de diferentes herramientas de análisis antes y después de la implantación. (2) Analizar qué aspectos relacionados con la gestión de procesos, la estructura organizativa existente, o la relación con proveedores y con clientes, se tienen en consideración al diseñar el enfoque del sistema de aseguramiento de la calidad. (3) Estudiar qué elementos de carácter organizativo facilitan la implantación del sistema y cuáles pueden obstaculizarlos.
El presente trabajo pretende poner de relieve la importancia de los mandos medios y del liderazgo como estilo de dirección más apropiado, así como el papel de la alta dirección en una de las respuestas empresariales capaz de generar ventaja competitiva en las organizaciones; el aprendizaje organizativo. Resaltando que la organización es capaz de aprender basándose en el desarrollo de competencias donde el trabajo en equipo y las relaciones organizativas son una pieza clave para la transferencia de conocimiento. Tenemos el convencimiento de que las organizaciones deben cambiar por si mismas y aprender a innovar si quieren subsistir en las realidades dinámicas. La alta dirección y el nuevo papel de los mandos medios serán los impulsores de este proceso de cambio. Los objetivos del presente trabajo se centran en dos aspectos: (a) el papel de altos directivos y mandos medios en las empresa que organiza el trabajo en equipos, y (b) el impacto de estos equipos en el aprendizaje organizativo. Para cubrir estos dos objetivos hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura, a la vez que sean incluido parte de los resultados obtenidos en un estudio que actualmente estamos realizando en base a 30 entrevistas personales a empresas de la Comunidad Valenciana que organizan el trabajo en equipos.
have put a great deal of work into producing this compilation of scientific studies on women and small business entrepreneurship. In this book, the editors have managed to put together an excellent compilation of studies that look at topics that have aroused the highest interest in this field in recent years. The book includes the varying perspectives from which the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs is regarded and examined, studies that form the cornerstone and starting point of any piece of research in the field of women and small businesses entrepreneurship. It offers a good balance between theory and practice-oriented studies and presents an academic viewpoint that comes extremely close to the real, current situation of this phenomenon. This book therefore provides a useful tool both for the academic community in general and for students, particularly at a postgraduate or doctorate level, who wish to gain a state-of-the-art overview of this business phenomenon. It may also be put to good use by women in management and entrepreneurship as well as policy makers and small service providers, given its high empirical content, supported by a sound empirical framework, which deals with real-life issues for women who wish to start up and manage their own businesses.The editors attempt to fill the gap that currently exists in the literature on entrepreneurship in general and on women entrepreneurs in particular, within the small business sector. Using this as a starting point, the main objective of this work is to present the different fields and factors from which the role of women entrepreneurs and small businesses can be analyzed. In order to achieve this, the editors have grouped the chosen studies into well-organized, well-structured groups that portray the aspects and factors that describe and analyze the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in the modern business world.The final result is a compendium of 20 pieces, all of which share the firm purpose of providing an insight into the current situation faced by women entrepreneurs in
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