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Em 2004, um surto global de Chikungunya afetou a maioria das regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. Em 2016, um surto ocorreu no Nordeste do Brasil com centenas de casos documentados. Receptores de transplantes de órgãos sólidos têm uma resposta imune modificada à infecção, e o curso clínico é geralmente diferente daquele em pacientes imunocompetentes. O diagnóstico pode ser desafiador nessa população. A maioria dos relatos descreve pacientes residentes em áreas endêmicas, embora devamos enfatizar a importância do diagnóstico diferencial em viajantes transplantados renais que visitam regiões endêmicas, como o Nordeste do Brasil. Aqui, nós relatamos o caso de um receptor de transplante renal que adquiriu febre Chikungunya após uma viagem a uma região endêmica no Nordeste do Brasil durante o surto de 2016, com uma boa evolução clínica. Também apresentamos recomendações de alerta para viajantes em áreas endêmicas, como medidas adicionais para prevenir surtos de doenças.

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome is a rare emergency in onco-nephrology that results from extensive cancer cell lysis independent of antitumoral therapy. It is common among hematological tumors and can be rarely seen with solid tumors. In medical literature, there is only one case report with spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in renal cell carcinoma and it was associated with metastases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background. The association between Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and 1-y estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with long-term kidney graft survival is well known. Yet, the association between KDPI and 1-y eGFR remains uncertain considering the several concurrent competing risk factors. Methods. This single-center, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 3059 consecutive deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with a 1-y follow-up from January 2013 to December 2017. The aim was to determine the association between the KDPI strata (0%–35%, 36%–50%, 51%–85%, 86%–100%) and 1-y eGFR estimated by the CKD-EPI equation. Results. The incidence of delayed graft function (50.6% versus 59.3% versus 62.7% versus 62.0%; P < 0.001) and cytomegalovirus infection (36.7% versus 36.6% versus 43.3% versus 57.8%; P < 0.001) increased with increasing KDPI strata but not biopsy-proven acute rejection (9.1% versus 9.8% versus 8.4% versus 9.1%; P = 0.736). The median 1-y eGFR decreased with increasing KDPI strata (64.8 versus 53.5 versus 46.9 versus 39.1 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; P < 0.001). In the Cox regression, the higher the KDPI was, the lower the probability of a lower 1-y eGFR was. Assuming the 0%–35% strata as the reference, the likelihood of eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 was increased by 76.6% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.767, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.406–2.220), 2.24- and 2.87-fold higher for KDPI higher >35%–50% (HR = 2.239, 95% CI = 1.862–2.691), and >51%–85% (HR = 2.871, 95% CI = 2.361–3.491), respectively. Other variables associated with a lower graft function were donor sex (HR male versus female = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.813–0.989) and cold ischemia time (HR for each hour = 1.011, 95% CI = 1.004–1.019). This association was sustained after the Poisson mediation analysis, including delayed graft function, cytomegalovirus, and acute rejection as mediators. Conclusions. In this cohort of deceased donor kidney recipients, KDPI, and cold ischemia time were the major independent risk factors associated with lower 1-y kidney function.

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Background: The classification of the deceased donors into standard and expanded criteria is associated with several limitations, mainly because standard criteria donors (SCD) can present other characteristics associated with poor outcomes, which the binary classification has not contemplated. The Kidney Donor Risk Index and the derived Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) included additional variables and are better associated with long-term outcomes. However, the KDPI has not been validated for Brazilian donors. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the KDPI in predicting outcomes for kidney transplant recipients (KTR) of SCD in the Brazilian population for whom the index was not previously validated, as part of the efforts to validate the index for Brazilian donors. Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort enrolled 1,943 KTR who received a kidney of SCD between 2013 and 2017 and followed up to 2018. The primary outcome was composed of death, graft loss, and 1-year graft function < 30 mL/min/1.73m2, estimated by CKD-Epi (eGFR). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient estimated the linear association between KDPI and eGFR. Multivariable analysis for the primary outcome was performed by logistic regression, and the C-statistic evaluated the discrimination of the risk prediction model. Results: Recipients were 48.5 years old, 59.6% female, and 44.8% white. Donors were 41.0 years old, 61.6% male, and 52.2% white. Among donors, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 24.9% and 3.8%, respectively. The main causes of brain death were subarachnoid hemorrhage (47.3%) and traumatic brain injury (41.2%). The median of KDPI was 52% (32; 69), stratified as follows: 28.9% of and 4.3% of KDPI>85. The incidence of delayed graft function and acute rejection (AR) was 58.6% and 18%, respectively. Oneyear eGFR was 52.8 mL/min. An inverse correlation was observed between 1-year eGFR and KDPI: R= -0.36; CI95%= -0.40; -0.32; P<0.001. The frequency of primary outcome was 14.4%: 4.4% of graft loss, 2.9% of death, and 7.7% of 1-year eGFR<30. The primary outcome was associated with a longer time in dialysis before transplantation (OR for each month = 1.003; P=0.03), CMV-related events (OR=1.32; P=0.04), AR (OR=2.13; P<0.001), and the KDPI strata. Compared with KDPI1-35, the OR was 1.62 (P=0.03), 2.27 (P<0.001) and 2.21 (P=0.01) for strata 36-50, 51-85 and >85, respectively. This modeling reached a C-statistic of 0.64 (0.61-0.68), P<0.001. Conclusion: Despite not being previously validated for Brazilian donors, the KDPI significantly correlated with 1-year graft function in kidney transplant recipients of standard criteria donors. Furthermore, although the predictive model had reached a moderate discriminative power, the KDPI was an independent predictor of primary outcome composed of death, graft loss, and eGFR < 30 within 1-year after transplantation.