Opioids are analgesic drugs used to treat acute or chronic pain. These substances are characterized by affinity to opioid receptors, together with those receptors reduce the pain signals that reach the brain, both by a central and peripheral action to reduce or control pain, control emotions, together decreases the sensation and perception of a painful stimulus. It is a set of substances with a series of common features with a powerful depressive and analgesic action on the central nervous system with the ability to promptly generate tolerance and dependence, so that when suspending or decreasing its administration, a syndrome of abstinence from very defined characteristics. According to clinical manifestations, hemogram, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, CPK, chemical urine appointment, arterial gases, electrocardiogram (especially in propoxyphene poisoning), chest radiography (in case of persistent hypoxia), skull tomography and study of cerebrospinal fluid to rule out other causes of coma or seizures. The classic clinical triad of the syndrome (coma, myosis and respiratory depression) is common to all products of this genus. The response to naloxone is recommended as confirmation of intoxication, usually caused by loss of tolerance, by the administration of a product too pure or by the joint administration of other drugs. The treatment of acute opioid poisoning primarily seeks to achieve a protected, permeable and effective airway with adequate ventilation. The methodology used is descriptive, with a documentary approach that is, reviewing sources available on the web, such as google scholar, with timely and scientifically relevant content that enriches the analysis of the topic raised in this article.
La Insuficiencia renal crónica es una de las complicaciones más notables de la Diabetes Mellitus, cuya propagación afecta cada día más a las personas alrededor del mundo, a medida que se expande la influencia de la diabetes a escala masiva. La comprensión de la conjunción entre estas enfermedades no transmisibles, que ha dado lugar a la Nefropatía diabética, es de vital importancia para afrontar de forma eficiente esta patología, en función de brindar a los pacientes un esquema que permita mitigar su desarrollo acelerado. En el presente trabajo, se realiza una revisión documental donde se abordan elementos fisiopatológicos de la enfermedad, clasificación, estadios, factores de riesgo, patogénesis, tratamiento entre otros aspectos claves que aportan una visión holística de esta patología. Se otorga especial relevancia al glomérulo como unidad donde se desarrollaran las alteraciones principales en el riñón diabético. Finalmente se evidencia la importancia del control glucémico y el control de la presión arterial como variables fundamentales un efectivo manejo de los pacientes con este tipo de afectación.
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