SUMMARYDrosophila melanogaster adults were collected throughout the summers of 1976 and 1977 in Hartford, Connecticut. The frequencies of the Adh isoalleles were determined and seasonal variation demonstrated. Correlation coefficients were calculated between Adh frequencies and the seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and barometric pressure. Although five correlations were significant it was concluded that these were due to chance.

D. melanogaster imagoes were collected weekly throughout the summer and early fall of 1976. Their Adh genotypes were determined by electrophoresis. The frequency of the Adh* isoallele fluctuated throughout the period of study. Correlation coefficients assuming no delay, one week delay, two weeks' delay, three weeks' delay, and a four-week delay of the effect of temperature on the frequency of the Adh,* isoallele were insignificant. It was concluded that temperature alone may not be a selective factor but may be selective in combination with other environmental factors.

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Eprazinone therapy improves pulmonary function and arterial pO2 in patients with chronic bronchitis; however, the mechanism of action is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if eprazinone alters either lung surfactant levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of normal rats, or ion transport across canine tracheal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers. In the surfactant studies, normal rats were force fed three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of eprazinone for 4 days. Eprazinone at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly increased total and individual (with the exception of phosphatidylinositol) phospholipid levels and decreased total neutral lipids. Lower doses of eprazinone significantly decreased neutral lipid levels without affecting the phospholipids. There was no change in BAL levels of protein or cells and no abnormal histology. In airway epithelial studies, mucosal addition of eprazinone produced a dose-dependent partially reversible decrease in short-circuit current (Isc). The decrease in Isc at lower eprazinone concentrations was accounted for entirely by a decrease in net chloride secretion while at higher concentrations both sodium and chloride transport were affected. Submucosal eprazinone had no affect on ion transport. These studies suggest that eprazinone influences both BAL lipid levels and ion transport, either of which could lead to a beneficial therapeutic effect.