The results of measurements of the viscosities and molar volumes of the organic acids (C9--C1~) as functions of the temperature are reported. They are discussed in connection with the equations of Arrhenius and Batchinski.Results concerning viscosity measurements on the linear aliphatic acids C9, Ca0, Clz, C1~, Ca6 and C_as were discussed in a previous paper [1 ]. The present one deals with the covolumes (obtained from viscosity measurements by the Batchinski formula) of all the acids, odd and even, from C9 to Cls, and of C~.
ExperimentalThe experimental methods are described in detail in the previous paper [1].
MaterialsFluka purum hendecanoic and tridecanoic acids and puriss, pentadecanoic and margaric acids were purified as previously [1] described; C. Erba RP acetic acid was purified by distillation following the Rabin0witsch method [2].
Results and discussionThe experimental values are collected and shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1(a-b). From the graphs log ~/ versus lIT and ~ versus Vm it is possible to obtain Eact and b V from the Arrhenius and Batchinski equations. These are listed in Tables 2 and 3. As previously described [1 ], for the even series the covolumes of these acids can be calculated on the basis of the model reported in Fig. 4 of the preceding note [1 ]. Further, for the acids Cll, C1~, C15 and C17 , the covolume bv closely corresponds to the value that can be calculated from the model under the hypothesis that the dimer rotates around the a axis, describing a cylinder; that is by = 1/2(12/2+rc)21lN.
This paper presents a final discussion on studies of solutions of electrolytes in molten acetamide. These studies deal with cryoscopic and ultrasonic (by shear waves) techniques and reveal the complexity of the behaviour of these systems due to strong ion-solvent interactions.Acetamide is considered a good solvent for electrolytes and is often empolyed in electrochemistry as a non-aqueous solvent [1][2][3][4][5]. This fact and the similarity of some its physical properties (e.g. dielectric constant or ionization constant) with the corresponding values of water tend to induce the belief that solutions in acetamide are similar in structure to the corresponding solutions in water.This paper and previous ones [6-9] may give a clearer idea of the complexity of these non-aqueous mixtures.The methods employed were reported in previous papers [6, 10, 11], and are not given here.
Discussion
CryoscopyLiquid-solid equilibria in the binary systems acetamide + electrolytes [7][8][9] present differences in behaviour, depending on the types of the ions..Two classes may be distinguished:1) The anion is CIO4, NO~-or CNS-(derived from strong acids) and the cation is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.2) The anion is CH3COO-or HCOO-(derived from weak acids) and the cation is an alkali metal.In general, the temperature Teut in the first class is lower than Teu t in the second class. That is, the solubility of a salt of the first class is higher in acetamide. SchematiThermalAnaL 29, 1984
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