Pediatric residency training programs are not meeting the needs of generalist or subspecialist physicians in training of billing and coding. Residency programs must enhance this training component to prepare physicians to maintain a financially viable practice.

Successful productivity-based physician compensation programs can be developed for AHCs.

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• GAS is a common cause of upper respiratory tract and skin infections.• Based on strong research evidence, (1) throat culture is the gold standard for diagnosing GAS pharyngitis.• Based on strong research evidence, (1) oral penicillin V K is the antibiotic treatment of choice for GAS pharyngitis because of its efficacy, safety, and narrow spectrum.• Based on strong research evidence, (2) primary prevention of complications of GAS such as ARF involves prompt diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of GAS pharyngitis.• GAS nonsuppurative and suppurative complications may occur and are mediated by interactions between GAS antigens or exotoxins and the patient’s immunesystem.

Many academic health centers are creating incentive-based physician compensation programs, leading to skepticism regarding the impact on the academic mission. We sought to systematically review the impact of these programs. Most academic compensation programs demonstrate a positive impact on clinical and scholarly productivity, quality of education, and faculty satisfaction.