The results validate the 3-dimensional structure of the MBI-SS and indicate satisfactory psychometric values. It is concluded that the MBI-SS can be used to assess burnout in French students.

AbstractBackground and aimsBased on a transdiagnostic approach, this study assesses the impact of cognitive and emotional processes (difficulties in emotional regulation, impulsiveness, rumination and somatosensory amplification) on the psychological risk factors of chronic low-back pain.MethodsThe study was carried out with 256 patients with chronic low-back pain. All the variables were assessed through a booklet of 10 validated questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis and moderation analysis were performed.ResultsPredictors included in multiple regression models explain 3%-42% (adjusted R2) of the variance in psychological risk factors. Moreover, analyses reveal a significant moderator effect of somatosensory amplification on the link between fear-avoidance beliefs linked to work and pain intensity (F(3;250) = 12.33; p = .00), of somatosensory amplification and brooding on the link between depression and functional repercussions (FR) on everyday life (F(3;252) = 13.36; p = .000; F(1;252) = 12.42; p = .00), of the reflection dimension of rumination on the link between the helplessness dimension of catastrophizing and FRs on sociability (F(3;252) = 37.02; p = .00). There is also a moderation analysis with a significant trend concerning the lack of emotional awareness and the difficulties in controlling impulsive behaviours.ConclusionsOur results indicate an important role of some dimensions of difficulties in emotional regulation, somatosensory amplification and rumination in the increase in negative affects and dysfunctional beliefs, and in the links between those psychological risk factors and pain/disability.ImplicationsThis study identifies some cognitive and emotional dysregulations substantially involved in work-related chronic pain. This contribute to put in place psychotherapeutic protocols to tackle these deficits and dysregulations in a relevant way.

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The psychological suffering of caregivers is a widely established fact. Indeed, the patients present numerous aggressive behaviors directed nursing staff, considering their diagnoses. This violence has effects on caregivers’ mental health. Numerous articles have studied this question; however, it is rare that French studies have combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to the problem. With the aim of examining the effect of these attacks, we set up the 2 following studies. The first one, a qualitative study, is based upon clinical interviews. The second one, a quantitative study, uses 4 validated tools (measuring anxiety with State–Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI-Y], burnout with Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI], Burnout Measure Short Version [BMS], and posttraumatic stress with Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]) and a questionnaire assessing the presence and frequency of the assaults. Sixty-four caregivers have participated in this research. From a qualitative point of view, the interviews bring to light the fact that caregivers suffering attacks try to manage them with active coping (explanations, requests for external help) but that as their frequency increases, they resort to flight or avoidance coping strategies. Our research shows that rather than the intensity of the attacks, it is their frequency that has a significant effect on the caregiver’s suffering. The more the attacks are frequent, the more the levels of burnout, anxiety-state and posttraumatic stress increase. These results show that the assaults of the residents, even when not considered as dangerous, can have a heavy impact on caregivers’ mental health.