PurposeThis review explores the phenomenon of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPNLs) in the European Union (EU). FoPNLs highlight the nutritional quality of food and non-alcoholic beverages and help consumers to make healthier choices. The review explores different types of FoPNLs and evaluates their effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachA policy analysis was conducted, relying on extant academic literature, grey literature and policy documents. The use of current FoPNLs is interpreted in light of national and economic interests.FindingsOur review identifies and describes seven government endorsed FoPNLs that are currently used in the EU. Five are positive endorsement labels (Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Lithuania, Slovenia and Sweden), which only provide a positive indication on more healthy products. The Keyhole is used in three EU countries (Denmark, Lithuania and Sweden), while the others are used in one country each. The Nutri-Score represents a summary label, which provides an overall grade of how healthy a product is. It is used in six countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Luxembourg). Finally, the Nutrinform battery is a nutrient-specific non-interpretive scheme, indicating the content of nutrients in a portion of a food product. All identified labels are only used on a voluntary basis, encouraging selective use.Originality/valueThis review contributes to a significant discussion about food labeling in the EU. It summarizes existing approaches and evaluates them in terms of their effectiveness. The current schemes in use reflect regional clustering. The most common scheme is the Nutri-Score. This is predominantly found in western EU states. Another major label is the Keyhole, with summary endorsement schemes being prevalent in northern EU states. The least common is Nutrinform, which has some support in southern EU states. The Nutri-score is most effective although economic interests are pushing for the Nutrinform battery in a small number of states. Finally, the review suggests that all existing FoPNLs are voluntary, these labels fail to provide consumers with adequate information about nutrition quality of food products. The EU needs to mobilize support to agree on a single one.
This workshop will encourage reflection on the importance of co-producing integrated care policies and programmes with citizen leaders, i.e. those with lived experience of health and social care who take on the role of strategic influencers by choice or default. It will use the stories of citizen leaders from across the world gathered through narrative research to encourage participants to share their own experiences of the value of co-production and how such leadership can be encouraged in practice. Participants will leave the workshop with a greater understanding of the enablers and barriers and a collective sense of the potential value of such leadership. People with lived experience have been involved throughout the research and will present at the workshop.Background: For integrated care to reflect the interests and aspirations of people and their communities it is vital that 'citizen leaders' with lived experience of health and social care are able to influence strategic visions and their implementation. In reality though, such leadership is rarely encouraged in practice. Aims:To enable participants to engage with the stories of citizen leaders of integrated care from across the world and compare with their own experiences To facilitate shared reflection on the value of co-production with citizen leaders and why this value is not realised in practiceTo identify what would help to embed citizen leadership more consistently within the development and oversight of integrated care policy and programme Audience: We would hope for an audience which reflects the diversity of stakeholders who are involved in developing integrated care policies and programmes -i.e. people with lived experience, practice leaders, programme directors, researchers, and policy makers.Facilitators: Overall coordination and facilitation of workshop by Robin Miller & Viktoria Steinthis will include guiding participants through the purpose and process, introducing speakers, encouraging contribution, and chairing discussions. Small group discussions will be run in person and on line by the wider research team, including
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