The purpose of the research is to test blood-sucking dipterans collected in the Tyumen Region for genetic material of viruses that cause dangerous diseases in live-stock animals.Materials and methods. From May to October 2021, blood-sucking insects of the Diptera order whose species membership was established by tabular keys were collected on pastures and farms in ten Tyumen Region districts. In 60 samples formed from the captured insects according to the taxonomic affiliation and the period and place of collection, the presence of genetic material of the leukemia provirus and the dermatitis nodularis virus of cattle (bovine) and the African swine fever virus was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.Results and discussion. Adult insects collected for the PCR analysis were blood-sucking flies (family Muscidae, genus Stomoxys), mosquitoes (family Culicidae, genus Aedes), midges (family Simuliidae, genera Byssodon and Schoenbaueria), horseflies (family Tabanidae, genera Hybomitra, Tabanus and Haematopota), and biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae, genus Culicoides). As a result of the PCR testing of the samples for the bovine leukemia provirus DNA, 1 out of 13 samples of Stomoxys spp. (7.7%) and 1 of 13 samples of Hybomitra spp. (7.7%) were positive. The bovine leukemia provirus DNA detected in blood-sucking insects indicates the presence of this pathogen in the insect collection area as well as their possible involvement in its spread. Further research is needed on the Stomoxys spp. and Hybomitra spp. vector competence in vivo, considering natural and climatic features of the Tyumen Region.
The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) has a great ecological and economic importance for northern regions. The domestic reindeer population in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the largest one in the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of published actual data on blood parameters and well-established their reference ranges for Russian reindeer populations, hematology and biochemistry of blood serum of 97 reindeer was studied in August of 2019. Domestic reindeer were grouped into seven groups according to sex and age at the grazing site in the tundra zone of the Priuralsky district, Russia. Animals were tested for tuberculosis and brucellosis and no positively reacting animals were recorded indicating the well-being of the herd at the time of the study. We observed no differences between males and females or between young and adult reindeer for most parameters. The sodium content in the serum was below 110 mmol/L in 29 (about 30%) animals out of 97 while the mean values of this parameter (namely from 127.8 ± 3.9 to 133.8 ± 2.2 mmol/L) for remaining 70% of animals were less compared to the published data. Also, we noted the low protein level (from 4.97 ± 0.62 to 6.44 ± 0.63 g/dL on average) and the increased phosphorus level (from 5.22±0.39 to 7.93±0.62 g/dL on average) the reindeer blood serum compared to the published data. The represented data might be useful to establish baseline hematologic and serum biochemical reference ranges for domestic reindeer in northern regions.
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