-Context -Chronic liver disease may induce to malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, leading to injury of nutritional status. Objectives -To evaluate the nutritional status of pediatric-age patients with autoimmune hepatitis and biliary atresia related to serum levels of vitamins A, D and E and the disease severity. Methods -This controlled transverse study, evaluated the patients with autoimmune hepatitis and biliary atresia and a reference group paired by sex and age. The patients underwent anthropometric evaluation, alimentary inquiry and determination of serum levels of vitamins A, D and E by high performance liquid chromatography. The Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficients and variance analysis (ANOVA) were utilized for data treatment, regarding significant difference if P<0.05. Results -The highest nutritional deficit was observed in patients with biliary atresia, mainly with cholestasis. The serum levels of vitamins A and E for the reference group changed as a function of age. The serum levels of vitamins A, D and E were higher in reference group than in patients with biliary atresia and autoimmune hepatitis together or separately. There were not difference in the serum levels of vitamins A, D and E between biliary atresia groups with cholestasis and without cholestasis. It was verified correlation between weight/age, triceps skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, midarm circumference, midarm fat area values and vitamin A serum levels, as well as between all anthropometric indicators and vitamin E in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and biliary atresia. Conclusion -The patients with biliary atresia and cholestasis presented the highest nutritional injury. The patients with biliary atresia and autoimmune hepatitis presented lower serum levels of vitamins A, D and E that in control group. There is a directly proportional correlation between vitamin serum levels, mainly vitamin E, and all anthropometric variables of biliary atresia and autoimmune hepatitis groups.

A disbiose intestinal pode ocasionar a multiplicação de bactérias patogênicas e, consequentemente, a produ- ção de toxinas metabólicas que podem induzir os processos inflamatórios. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar, na literatura, as publicações a respeito da disbiose intestinal em idosos e a aplicabilidade dos probióticos e prebióticos. Portanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica realizada no ano de 2016, utilizando-se a base LILACS, BIREME, SciELO e PubMed, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações e livros técnicos. A disbiose é considerada uma altera- ção indesejável da microbiota intestinal que resulta em um desequilíbrio entre as bactérias protetoras e patogênicas. Presentes na alimentação, os probióticos e prebióticos atuam na manutenção da composição da microbiota intestinal, produzindo efeitos benéficos. Dessa forma, torna-se importante conhecer as evidências científicas sobre a disbiose intestinal no envelhecimento, visto que o próprio fator idade poderá ser um desencadeador do processo de disbiose. O intestino do idoso sofre alterações fisiológicas ao longo dos anos e, quando aliado ao hábito alimentar inadequado, estresse, uso de antibióticos, entre outros fatores, esse órgão poderá se tornar mais vulnerável ao aparecimento da disbiose. Os probióticos e prebióticos poderão auxiliar no tratamento dessa disbiose, contribuindo para uma microbiota intestinal mais saudável.

-Context -Zinc deficiency in children and adolescents impairs their growing, development and immune system. Objectives -To verify the existence of plasma and leukocyte zinc deficiency in adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis. Methods -The study comprised 23 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, aged 10-18 years, assisted at the Ambulatory Service of Pediatric Hepatology of the University of Campinas Teaching Hospital, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and adolescents with ages compatible with the patients' ages comprised the control group. Sample of blood in both groups was collected for the analyses of plasma zinc and leukocyte zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, beyond the nutritional status was evaluated in each adolescent. The following statistical tests were used: MannWhitney, Spearman's correlation and interclass concordance analysis. Results -The significance level adopted was 5%. The average zinc level in plasma in patients was 71.91 ± 11.79 µg/dL and, in the control group, it was 80.74 ± 10.92 µg/dL, showing a significant difference (P = 0.04). The leukocyte zinc level in patients was 222.33 ± 166.13 pmol/10 6 cells and, in the control group, it was 226.64 ± 217.81 pmol/10 6 cells; there was no statistical significance between them (P = 0.45). Conclusion -The evaluation of the nutritional status showed that eutrophy is prevalent in patients, and they presented a higher body fat value than the control group, with a significant difference. More research is needed with adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis regarding levels of essential micronutrients, such as zinc, because a good nutritional status can improve the prognostic of liver disease.

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INTRODUCTION: Parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations are commonly individualized, since their standardization appears inadequate for the pediatric population. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional state and the reasons for PN individualization in pediatric patients using PN, hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Campinas, São Paulo. METHODS: This longitudinal study comprised patients using PN followed by up to 67 days. Nutritional status was classified according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2006) and WHO (2007). The levels of the following elements in blood were analyzed: sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, chloride, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, and triglycerides (TGL). Among the criteria for individualization, the following were considered undeniable: significant reduction in blood levels of potassium (<3mEq/L), sodium (<125mEq/L), magnesium (<1mEq/L), phosphorus (<1.5mEq/L), ionic calcium (<1mmol), and chloride (<90mEq/L), or any value above the references. RESULTS: Twelve pediatric patients aged 1 month to 15 years were studied (49 individualizations). Most patients were classified as malnourished. It was observed that 74/254 (29.2%) of examinations demanded individualized PN for indubitable reasons. CONCLUSION: The nutritional state of patients was considered critical in most cases. Thus, the individualization performed in the beginning of PN for energy protein adequacy was indispensable. In addition, the individualized PN was indispensable in at least 29.2% of PN for correction of alterations found in biochemical parameters.

As saladas cruas são alimentos que apresentam um alto risco de contaminação microbiológica podendo iniciar na produção da matéria-prima e se estender até o armazenamento dos produtos prontos para consumo, com isso as condições higiênico-sanitárias do seu preparo são indispensáveis, pois a manipulação incorreta comprometerá a sua qualidade final, tornando-os mais propícios a causarem surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Dentro desse contexto, é de extrema importância o conhecimento sobre as reais condições de manipulação desses alimentos, já que doenças de origem alimentar são consideradas como um dos problemas sanitários mais frequentes no País. Sob este ponto de vista, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, através de indicadores higiênico-sanitários, a qualidade das saladas cruas fornecidas pelos restaurantes do tipo self-service da cidade de Volta Redonda (RJ). Foram coletadas nove amostras em restaurantes de forma aleatória para analisar a presença de coliformes à 45°C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Segundo a resolução RDC nº 12 de 2001, o limite de tolerância de coliformes a 45º C é de 10² NMP/g amostra. Com base neste limite, verifica-se que três (33%) das saladas analisadas não estavam aptas à comercialização e, consequentemente, ao consumo humano e foi encontrada em uma amostra a presença de Staphylococcus, sendo este, coagulase positiva, presume-se a presença de Staphylococcus aureus. As saladas cruas servidas nos restaurantes pesquisados apresentaram contagem elevadas de microrganismos. Essas contaminação é um indicativo de condições higiênicas insatisfatórias podendo causar um risco à saúde do consumidor.

Segundo a literatura, alguns nutrientes possuem efeito positivo no funcionamento do cérebro, e alguns estão relacionados à memória. Em contrapartida, uma alimentação desequilibrada exerce efeitos não desejados sobre a cognição, gerando declínio no desempenho. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar possíveis associações entre estado nutricional e ingestão alimentar com o rendimento escolar em alunos do 6º ao 9º ano de uma escola de Volta Redonda, RJ. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foi aplicado um questionário, bem como o levantamento de dados nas fichas de registro. O estado nutricional foi mensurado através do índice de massa corporal. A avaliação do consumo alimentar foi aferida através de um questionário de frequência alimentar. Foi avaliado um total de 90 alunos, com maioria do sexo feminino e com maior prevalência de eutrofia e a maior parte dos participantes relatou realizar mais de 4 refeições por dia. Constatou-se ingestão inadequada de ômega 3, zinco, ferro, sódio e açúcar pela maioria dos participantes. No presente estudo não foi encontrada associação estatística significativa entre estado nutricional e consumo alimentar com o desempenho escolar da amostra, porém, observou-se alta prevalência na deficiência do consumo de ômega 3, zinco e ferro, e, excesso no consumo de sódio.

Commercially sold refreshments are stored in coolers that, if improperly cleaned, will be a means of contamination, therefore making the consumer vulnerable to foodborne diseases. The assessment of the microbiological quality of food provides information to enable its evaluate in terms of processing, storage and distribution, its useful life and risks to public health. Given the current consumption of refreshments and the assumed severity of contaminated food ingestion, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of refreshments packed in coolers, marketed in the cities of Barra Mansa and Volta Redonda-RJ. We collected seven samples of refreshments, five of cashew juice and two of orange juice, in 250 ml sterile packages, from commercial establishments such as coffee shops and bakeries. For microbiological analyzes, we investigated the presence of Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms; and for the physicochemical analyzes, determinations of titratable acidity and pH were performed. Two of the seven samples were outside the norms established by the current legislation regarding the presence of coliforms at 45º C or thermotolerant. The Salmonella sp. analyzes results indicated that all samples were in accordance with the applicable legal standards, all samples (100%) of cashew juice analyzed for titratable acidity, were in accordance with the law, however, this was not observed for the orange juice sample (50%). It concluded that 29% (2) of the analyzed samples were unsuitable for consumption and may pose a health risk to consumers.