Background Literature searches underlie the foundations of systematic reviews and related review types. Yet, the literature searching component of systematic reviews and related review types is often poorly reported. Guidance for literature search reporting has been diverse, and, in many cases, does not offer enough detail to authors who need more specific information about reporting search methods and information sources in a clear, reproducible way. This document presents the PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension) checklist, and explanation and elaboration. Methods The checklist was developed using a 3-stage Delphi survey process, followed by a consensus conference and public review process. Results The final checklist includes 16 reporting items, each of which is detailed with exemplar reporting and rationale. Conclusions The intent of PRISMA-S is to complement the PRISMA Statement and its extensions by providing a checklist that could be used by interdisciplinary authors, editors, and peer reviewers to verify that each component of a search is completely reported and therefore reproducible.

Background In fields such as medicine, psychology, and education, systematic reviews of the literature critically appraise and summarize research to inform policy and practice. We argue that now is an appropriate time in the development of the field of engineering education to both support systematic reviews and benefit from them. More reviews of prior work conducted more systematically would help advance the field by lowering the barrier for both researchers and practitioners to access the literature, enabling more objective critique of past efforts, identifying gaps, and proposing new directions for research.Purpose The purpose of this article is to introduce the methodology of systematic reviews to the field of engineering education and to adapt existing resources on systematic reviews to engineering education and other developing interdisciplinary fields. Scope/MethodThis article is primarily a narrative review of the literature on conducting systematic reviews. Methods are adapted to engineering education and similar developing interdisciplinary fields. To offer concrete, pertinent examples, we also conducted a systematic review of systematic review articles published on engineering education topics since 1990. Fourteen exemplars are presented in this article and used to illustrate systematic review procedures.Conclusions Systematic reviews can benefit the field of engineering education by synthesizing prior work, by better informing practice, and by identifying important new directions for research. Engineering education researchers should consider including systematic reviews in their repertoire of methodologies.

Pathologic complete response in HER2-positive breast cancer is associated with substantially longer times to recurrence and death. This relationship is maintained in RCTs. For any particular new therapy the relationship between pCR and survival may differ. Quantifying the importance of pCR is necessary for designing efficient clinical trials, which should adapt to the relationship between pCR and survival for the therapy under investigation.

The use of mobile technology is ubiquitous in modern society and is rapidly increasing in novel use. The use of mobile devices and software applications ("apps") as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is rapidly expanding in the community, and this is also reflected in the research literature. This article reports the social-communication outcome results of a meta-analysis of single-case experimental research on the use of high-tech AAC, including mobile devices, by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder. Following inclusion determination, and excluding studies with poor design quality, raw data from 24 publications were extracted and included 89 A-B phase contrasts. Tau-U nonparametric, non-overlap effect size was used to aggregate the results across all studies for an omnibus and moderator analyses. Kendall's S was calculated for confidence intervals, p-values, and standard error. The omnibus analysis indicated overall low to moderate positive effects on social-communication outcomes for high-tech AAC use by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Many genetics/genomics education programs for nongenetic health professionals exist. Nevertheless, enhancement in methodological quality is needed to strengthen education initiatives.Genet Med advance online publication 20 October 2016.

Study objective:We conducted a systematic literature review to identify and to update patient characteristics and contextual factors for adult frequent emergency department users (FEDUs) compared with non-FEDU in an era where the US health care system underwent substantial changes. Methods:We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE to identify all relevant articles after 2010 through July 2018 that describe FEDU. We included US studies on adult FEDU only and excluded studies on specific subgroups of FEDU. We included demographic, clinical, and health care utilization information, and two reviewers independently evaluated the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Results:The 11 studies included in the review indicated that FEDU were 4% to 16% of total ED users but accounted for 14% to 47% of ED visits, with six to nine visits per year on average. The majority of FEDU were young or middle-aged adults, females, of low socioeconomic status and high school or less education, with public insurance, multiple primary care provider visits, and chronic conditions. Fair or poor self-perceived health status, unemployment, unmet needs from primary care providers (PCPs), mental health, and substance abuse were predictors of FEDU. Conclusion:FEDUs are disproportionally sicker and are also heavy users of non-ED health care service providers. The limited data for non-ED health services use in facility-specific studies of FEDU may contribute to findings in such studies that complex and unmet needs from PCPs contributed to ED visits. This suggests the need for more comprehensive data analysis beyond a few sites that can inform systemic management approaches.

No abstract

siagrass genotypes come from diverse origins and are classified as different species. At least five species of Salt tolerant turfgrasses are highly desirable in areas associated zoysiagrass [Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Z. with saline soils and/or saline irrigation waters. To determine the salt tolerance of 29 zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) experimental lines and tenuifolia Trin., Z. sinica Hamce, and Z. macrostaycha cultivars, two greenhouse studies were conducted by means of a hy-Franch. & Sav.] and their hybrids have been introduced droponic culture system. Sodium chloride was gradually added to a for turfgrass breeding in the USA. Since all these species basic nutrient solution to obtain a final salinity level of 42.5 dS m Ϫ1 .appear to be sexually compatible and may hybridize, Relative salt injury, indicated by leaf firing percentage, was associatedPublished in Crop Sci. 40: 488-492 (2000).