A NEW ASPECT OF DRY PLEURISY MEDICAL JOURNAL60 middle lobe was of uniform diameter throughout its whole length (Fig. iB). The original radiograph, together with the history of night sweats, cough, and pleuritic pain, made it clear that the patient had a low-grade inflammatory lesion of the lung, the remains of which had fortunately been detected radiologically before resolution was complete. It would seem that the area of inflammation in the lung had originated in the region of the weakened bronchus. Case 2.-A man aged 26 complained of acute pain on the left side for 4 days that was pleuritic in character, together with cough and sputum for 2 days; during this time his temperature was not recorded. There were no abnormal physical signs in his chest, the sputum contained no tubercle bacilli, and a plain radiograph showed a slight haziness at the left base (Fig. 2A). X-ray screening a week later failed to reveal any abnormality at all. The lipiodol radiograph showed that the left lower lobe bronchus was slightly dilated throughout its length (Figs. 2B and 2c). The history and the original radiograph show that the patient had an inflammation of the left lower lobe of his lung,
1. A comparative study has been made of the life history of two groups of rats, one of which (483 animals) was maintained on an adequate diet whilst the other (556 animals) was given a ration providing a suboptimal intake of “vitamin B”. The chief defect of the second diet was probably in respect to vitamin B1.2. The duration of life was shortened and reproduction was adversely affected by the deficiency.3. The examination of the post-mortem records provides clear proof of a significantly greater incidence of gastro-intestinal lesions, particularly ulcerations, in the animals on the deficient diet than in the control group.4. The deficiency of B1 did not influence the incidence or the severity of the chronic lung infection (bronchiectasis) common in laboratory rats.5. The incidence of all other disorders was about the same in the two groups.6. No evidence of increased susceptibility to tumours, malignant or innocent, was shown by the animals on the deficient diet. Cancerous developments arising at the site of chronic inflammatory processes (e.g. worm cysts in the liver, caecal ulcers of long standing, etc.) were not appreciably more numerous in one group than in the other.
Although it is now established that deprivation of vitamin E may lead to disturbances of structure and function of many tissues other than those primarily concerned in the reproductive cycle, it is not surprising, when the striking nature of the testicular degeneration and the curious character of the typical resorption in the female are borne in mind, that there has been a tendency to concentrate attention on the question whether the vitamin plays an essential part in the reproductive cycle.The most direct approach has been made by investigating whether the vitamin itself exerts a gonadotrophic action. Up to the present the evidence has been inconclusive. The most striking claim is that of Szarka [1929], who stated that oral or parenteral administration of vitamin E concentrates produces oestrus in immature female rats. Later, Verz\l=a'\r [1931] recorded that injection of similar materials produced hypertrophy of the uterus in similar animals, but not after ovariectomy. Diakov and Krizenecky [1933 a] as well as Lesbouyrie, Berthelon, and Bajé [1937] were, however, unable to confirm Szarka's and Verzár's findings. Recently, Underhill [1939] has supported the view that vitamin E preparations exert gonadotrophic activity when injected into immature female mice, whereas Demole [1939] did not observe any effect on the reproductive system when doses of a-tocopherol as large as 0-5 g. per kg. were given.It will be recalled that Verzár's belief was that vitamin E is concerned in the formation of one or more of the hormones of the anterior pituitary [Verzár, 1931 ;Verzár, Arvay, and Kokas, 1931 ;Verzár and Kokas, 1931]. The Suggestion that pituitary function is depressed in the condition of vitamin E deprivation was rejected by Evans [1932] because parenteral administration of fresh hypophyseal substance failed to prevent the typical résorption in -deficient females and also because the striking contrast between the severity of the degeneration of testicular structure and the maintenance of normal ovarian structure was incompatible with the accepted views of pituitary function.The pituitary came into the picture again, however, when Nelson [1933] found that testicular degeneration in the condition of E-deficiency is
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