Windows are a complex part of building design and provide a considerable benefit, including to school buildings. For the evaluation of the daylighting conditions prevailing in classrooms, the daylight factor (DF) was considered as the most appropriate parameter for indicating the quantity of admitted daylight. The DF values and CIE overcast sky were calculated using Velux Daylight Visualizer 3 software. The task of the paper is to compare various roof window openings in relation to the level of daylight in the attic, looking to optimize the use of the attic for teaching. The indoor air temperature has a general influence on comfort in the interior, in addition to daylight. In winter, the situation is not critical. The thermal insulation properties of packaging structures are sufficient. The situation is worse in summer, due to the fact that the heat-storage properties are undersized and there is excessive overheating of the indoor air. Four variants of roof windows and their influence on the overall microclimate in the attic are compared. The variant without roof windows is a suitable solution with regard to minimum overheating, but the worst situation for daylight. In order to receive even more light from the window (by moving windows to the top of the roof), we can use variant 2. Based on a combination of daylight calculations and summer temperature, a graphical dependence on window size prediction in terms of top and combined lighting is derived. This was hypothesized without shading the windows. Of course, the shading elements of these windows or cooling are expected in the summer. Finally, the energy required for cooling is compared depending on the size of the windows and achievement of the permissible temperature.
When building physics simulations are done initial conditions express the actual hygrothermal state of building envelope. For the temperature field simulations initial condition is represented by the initial temperature in the body profile at the start of heat transfer. In-structure temperature varies quickly so temperature initial conditions are often neglected. Nevertheless in specific cases initial conditions have to be taken into an account even when simple temperature field simulations are done. The contribution shows various temperature initial conditions determination for insulated construction of outdoor test cell. Comparison of measured and calculated temperature profiles in structure shows correctness of start-up pre-calculation initial condition consideration.
Window sill of brick walls is one of the most critical places in a connection of two envelope types objectively. If there are the transparent and opaque parts present together, the connection is much more complicated. Different behavior of the construction materials in dynamic boundary conditions causes deformations of thermal field of the window sill detail. Numerical thermal field analysis verified by the experimental measurement in experimental outdoor chambers is used for recognize the real heat-air-moisture behavior in the various constructions.
Real dynamic boundary conditions and initial condition has to be taken into an account when simulations need to be done. The most helpful are in situ measurement facilities with climate monitoring. Indoor environment operation modes with different air temperature and relative humidity made indoor boundary conditions. Measured weather data are used to create complete boundary conditions for the research locality. Initial condition of masonry water profile is set up. The initial and boundary conditions are considered for an individual locality simulation proposes.
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