Individ- och familjeomsorgen i Sveriges kommuner har under de senaste tjugo åren gått från ett mer generalistiskt orienterat arbetssätt till en organisation med specialiserade arbetsgrupper. I den här artikeln visar vi på olika former av specialisering och redovisar en kartläggning över hur det ser ut i kommunerna idag. Vi diskuterarockså möjliga anledningar till förändringen.
This article presents a study of working methods used by social workers within the personal social services (PSS), in their work with clients. The study is part of a larger research project with the aim of describing and analysing how specialized respectively integrated forms of organizations in the PSS condition social workers' interventions and client effects (outcomes). The study was carried out in three Swedish municipalities with different organizational models. Two of those represent 'extremes' as they have pure specialized (divided in different types of units) respectively integrated (generic) organizations. The third municipality has chosen a middle way with an organization that combines aspects of the two other models. All social workers within the PSS in those three municipalities were included in the study.Findings: Our findings among other things show 1) that the use of unspecific methods dominates, 2) that several methods that are reported as specific are definitely not specific, 3) that specific methods often are used in free and unspecific ways, 4) that there seems to be a compensating movement (regarding use of methods) with the aim of evening out limitations in the formal PSS organizations, 5) that there are two relatively large groups of method users: 'improvisers' and 'eclecticists'.Applications: One can neither understand the use of working methods in social work with clients by studying the methods as such nor by studying the evidence base of different methods. Social workers consider their relationships to clients and the clients' trust as much more important (in order to achieve results) than any particular method.
Project leader in the municipality of Östersund, SwedenThis study is based on interviews with politicians and managers responsible for the personal social services (PSS) in Swedish municipalities with three different organizational models (specialized, integrated, or combined). The aim was to understand the factors that influence organizational processes within the PSS, and how different organizational models affect social workers' interventions. The main results are summarized in a heuristic model that presents a number of fundamental intra-organizational factors that influence the organizing of the personal social services.
This chapter describes the background, the aim and the content of the book. It gives a short introduction to social and caring professions in Europe, and argues that they have undergone considerable changes during recent decades, and are in a stage of transition. The chapter introduces four questions that make up the starting-point for this book. How are social and caring welfare professionals’ identity influenced by education, work experience and supervision? How are social and caring welfare professions affected by governance, regulation and control by the state? How are social and caring welfare professions affected by collaboration, conflict and competition with other welfare professions? How do social and caring welfare professionals, in practice, assess and make decisions in their work with clients and patients?
Det är en tydlig trend under de senaste tjugo åren att Socialtjänstens organisation av individ- och familjeomsorgen blivit alltmer specialiserad. I den här artikeln redovisas en studie av socialarbetares syn på arbetsvillkor och insatser i tre kommuner med olika organisationsformer: specialiserad, integrerad respektive blandad organisationsform.
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