Full functional mobility requires adaptations, such as turning, to the basic straight locomotor pattern. The aim was to assess the mechanics of completing a complex turning manoeuvre. A full 3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analysis of the ipsilateral limb was carried out during both straight gait and unconstrained turning through 90 degrees. 10 healthy university students participated. Analysis indicated that two distinctive substrategies of the spin turn-ipsilateral pivot and ipsilateral crossover-were employed. The ipsilateral pivot was the more dynamic turn and required two additional power phases at the ankle and hip to facilitate the pivot phase. The ipsilateral crossover uses a fall into the new direction. The spin turn is a more complex action than previously indicated.
We measured the effects of breast motion on lower-body kinematics during overground running. Thirty female participants aged 18-60 years completed two blocks of three trials each of overground running for 25 m at self-selected pace under two conditions: with and without breast support provided by a sports bra. Participants' body movements were analyzed with 18 parameters characterizing breast and lower-body kinematics. Sports bra use reduced breast motion and increased about 83% of the lower-body kinematic parameters, including running velocity; stride length; foot clearance; vertical and lateral center of mass displacement; and thorax, hip, knee, and ankle range of motion (all p < 0.05). Among the changed characteristics, the stride length, center of mass displacements, thorax and knee range of motions correlated negatively (r =-0.25 to-0.46) with the velocity of breast motion. Therefore, the reduction of breast motion may improve lower-body kinematics during running, which may influence sport and leisure performance.
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