Originária da América do Sul, a ferrugem do eucalipto causada pelo fungo Puccinia psidii, vem se tornando uma doença limitante p a r a a c u lt u ra d o e u c a li p t o n o B ra s i l, e xi gi n d o a a d oç ã o d e estratégias de controle, dentre as quais está o controle químico. Para avaliar eficiência e viabilidade econômica de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem do eucalipto, montou-se um ensaio a campo. Para a instalação do ensaio, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (3 produtos e 3 doses), sendo 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 mL ou g do produto comercial por litro de solução. O s t r a t a m e n t o s f o r a m : 1 -) Te s t e m u n h a ; 2 -) F u n g i c i d a A atividade de base florestal, presente em quase todo o território nacional, divide-se em vários segmentos, como: celulose e papel, papelão ondulado, siderurgia a carvão vegetal, móveis e madeira processada mecanicamente, que engloba a produção de madeira serrada, painéis reconstituídos, compensados e laminados e produtos de maior valor agregado, além de vários produtos não madeireiros (14).A área de florestas plantadas no Brasil vem crescendo em média de 2,5 % ao ano nos últimos anos, atingindo um total de 6,3 milhões de hectares de florestas plantadas somente com Pinus e eucalipto, em 2009. Tanto o crescimento da área plantada como incrementos na produtividade são insuficientes para atender a demanda crescente de madeira para diferentes segmentos do setor produtivo (1).A cultura do eucalipto é uma das mais importantes do Brasil, constituindo-se em fonte de energia e madeira renovável, além de suportar importantes processos agroindustriais para produção de papel, celulose e essências (6).O eucalipto era considerado uma essência florestal praticamente livre de doenças até a década de 70. Entretanto, o avanço das áreas reflorestadas para regiões mais quentes e úmidas, o plantio de espécies mais suscetíveis e a utilização repetitiva de uma mesma área para plantio criaram condições favoráveis à ocorrência de doenças (6, 8). Dentre elas, a ferrugem causada por Puccinia psidii Winter, e o cancro, causado por Cryphonectria cubensis (sin. Crysoporthe cubensis) (Bruner) Hodges, são as mais limitantes ao estabelecimento de novos Palavras-chave adicionais: Puccinia psidii; Eucalyptus; fungicidas. RESUMOOriginally from South America, eucalyptus rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia psidii, and has become a limiting disease for eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil, requiring the adoption of control measures, for exa mple th e ch emi cal cont rol. To evalua te t he efficiency and economic viability of fungicides to control eucalyptus rust, a test has set up in the field. The experimental design adopted for the test has randomized blocks, 3 x 3 (3 products and 3 Fungicide azoxystrobin (strobilurins); 3-) Fungicide tebuconazole (triazole); 4-) Fungicide tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin (triazole + strobilurins). Four replicates were used to assess plant disease severity based on the percentage of damaged leaf area. Higher fungicide doses l...

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

En ligne à l'adresse suivante : http://www.ifremer.fr/momarsat2010/biblio/Sarradinetal_2007_publication-3600.pdfInternational audienceEXOCET/D was a three-year project that started in 2004 and that was funded by the European Commission (STREP, FP6-GOCE-CT-2003-505342). The general objective of this project was to develop, implement and test specific technologies aimed at exploring, describing and quantifying biodiversity in deep-sea fragmented habitats as well as at identifying links between community structure and environmental dynamics. The MoMARETO cruise, held during the summer 2006, was the main demonstration action of EXOCET/D. After nearly 3 years of development, the project was a real success with the at sea trial and validation of 13 instrument prototypes developed for the study of deep-sea extreme habitats. These instruments were dedicated to quantitative imaging, in situ measurements, faunal sampling and in vivo experiments

The work analyzes the effect of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) and its parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in a Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) plantation in São Paulo State, Brazil. During the study 53 yellow sticky traps were installedand 53 branches were collected from a 19 ha plot of E. camaldulensis plantation per evaluation. A total of 42 evaluations was made from January 2006 to 2008. The number of adults of G. brimblecombei and P. bliteus caught in the yellow sticky traps as well as the immature and mummies of the parasitized psyllids on E. camaldulensis leaves varied with seasons. The population also varies according to the season, with a peak in the winter and decreases in the summer when temperature and rainfall increase. The G. bramble combei and P. bliteus populations were inversely correlated with temperature and rainfall. These results are discussed as potential limitations to the establishment of the pest and its parasitoid.

RESUMOA mancha foliar (mancha de micosferela) causada por Teratosphaeria nubilosa tem acarretado prejuízos em plantios de eucalipto na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. A necessidade de avaliar a doença no campo e os danos causados pela mesma, bem como a busca de formas eficientes de controle e a utilização de germoplasma, leva à necessidade em ter uma escala visual para quantificação da severidade da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma escala diagramática com folhas jovens e com folhas adultas de Eucalyptus globulus, para avaliação de mancha de micosferela. Para tal, as folhas coletadas em campo foram escaneadas para digitalização da imagem. Determinou-se a área lesionada, área foliar sadia e área total em escala RGB (Red, Green, Blue). Posteriormente, determinaram-se os níveis de severidade em função da distribuição da amostra, sendo sete níveis para folhas jovens e seis para folhas adultas. Para o teste de acuidade visual e validação da escala, as folhas foram submetidas à avaliação da severidade, com e sem escala. Com a adoção das escalas propostas, a totalidade dos avaliadores apresentou boa acurácia, tanto para folhas jovens como para adultas com R 2 =0,98 e R 2 =0,80, respectivamente. A importância da elaboração de escalas diagramáticas para quantificar a severidade de mancha em eucalipto deve-se ao fato de permitir a quantificação dos sintomas de forma acurada e precisa. Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus globulus; mancha de micosferela; avaliação de doença. ABSTRACTThe leaf spot (Mycosphaerella leaf disease = MLD) caused by Teratosphaeria nubilosa has caused damage in eucalypt plantations in southern and southeastern Brazil. The need to assess the disease in the field to evaluate of this damage, efficiency control, evaluation of germplasm induces to the necessity of having a visual scale for evaluation of disease. The objective was to develop a diagrammatic scale for young leaves and one for adult leaves of Eucalyptus globules for MLD. To do so, the leaves collected in the field were scanned for image analysis. The damaged area, the healthy leaf area and the external area of the same scale RGB (Red, Green, Blue) were determined. Subsequently, it was determinate the levels of severity depending

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Megastigmus transvaalensis Hussey (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) parasitizes drupes of Rhus genus plants in Africa and Schinus (Anacardiaceae) in South America. This exotic wasp damages Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi drupes in native forests and ecological restoration areas in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the precipitation, temperature and relative humidity effects on M . transvaalensis flight activity, and to determine the parasitism rate and sex ratio of this wasp on S . terebinthifolia plants. The study was conducted with yellow sticky traps and S . terebinthifolia drupes collected in an ecological restoration area, from August 2014 to September 2015, in the Sorocaba municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil. Megastigmus transvaalensis populations were negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation, with population peaks at the end of May 2015, with 927 insects per evaluation (48.8 adults per trap). The M . transvaalensis sex ratio was higher in the laboratory (0.42) than in the field (0.08). The parasitism rate of S . terebinthifolia drupes by M . transvaalensis ranged from zero to 36.3% under natural environmental conditions. Megastigmus transvaalensis can be monitored with yellow sticky traps. Damage by M . transvaalensis in S . terebinthifolia drupes may decrease the germination of the seeds and the establishment of this plant in native and restoration ecological areas.

The common black field cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), damages young plants of red cedar, Juniperus virginiana (Cupressaceae); strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae); teak, Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae); upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae); and, mainly, Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). The objective of this study was to investigate the biological and behavioral parameters of this insect in the laboratory and in Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Inhambupe, Bahia State, Brazil. The incubation period and the viability of G. assimilis eggs were 11.87 days and approximately 22%, respectively. The duration of the nymphal stage was 62.34 days with approximately 60% of the nymphs obtained in the laboratory being females. The average number of egg batches per female, eggs per female, and eggs per batch per female of this insect were 25.50, 862.17, and 34.65, respectively. G. assimilis females lived for 76.50 days in the adult stage, and 138.34 days in total, from egg through nymph to adult. Males produced three characteristic sounds: one for the marking of territory, one for courtship, and one when alone. G. assimilis fed primarily on weeds but, in their absence, it damaged young Eucalyptus spp. plants. This paper presents important data on the biology and behavior of G. assimilis; this information may encourage additional biological research, laboratory rearing, and integrated management of this pest.