Purpose Sleep is considered essential for muscle recovery, mainly due to its effect on hormone secretion. Total sleep deprivation or restriction is known to alter not only blood hormones but also cytokines that might be related to skeletal muscle recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether total sleep deprivation after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD) modifies the profiles of blood hormones and cytokines. Methods In two separate conditions, with a crossover and randomized model, 10 men (age, 24.5 ± 2.9 yr; body mass index, 22.7 ± 2.3 kg·m−2) performed a unilateral EEIMD protocol that comprised 240 eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer. In one condition, a “muscle damage” protocol was followed by 48 h of total sleep deprivation and 12 h of normal sleep (DEPRIVATION). In the other condition, the same muscle damage protocol was conducted, followed by three nights of regular sleep (SLEEP). Isometric muscle voluntary contraction tests and blood samples were collected serially throughout the protocol and analyzed for creatine kinase, free and total testosterone, IGF-1, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, receptor antagonist of IL-1 and IL-10. Results Muscle voluntary contraction and serum creatine kinase increased equally over the study period in both conditions. From the cytokines evaluated, only IL-6 increased in DEPRIVATION. No differences were detected in testosterone levels between conditions, but IGF-1, cortisol, and cortisol/total testosterone ratio were higher in DEPRIVATION. Conclusions Total sleep deprivation after EEIMD does not delay muscle strength recovery but modifies inflammatory and hormonal responses.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation, in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has negative impact on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and physical activity practice. Negative emotions and lifestyle changes trigger overeating, consequently affecting dietary practices. The present study aimed to verify the prevalence of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep time/quality and physical exercise practice), eating behaviors dimensions, chronotype, and association with dietary practices (planning; domestic organization; food choice; ways of eating) in home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 27 and May 25, 2020. An anonymous online questionnaire (Microsoft Forms®) was used for data collection by the snowball method. We verified dietary practices (outcome), eating behavior, physical exercise practice, sleep quality and duration, chronotype (exposure variables). Sex, age, educational and social status were assessed as covariates and confounders. Seven hundred twenty-four (585 women and 139 men) were evaluated. Mean ± SD of age was 32.6 ± 11.3 (women) and 33.5 ± 10.5 (men) years old. Emotional eating (EE) and Binge eating (BE) were positively correlated (r = 0.66; p <0.001) and dietary practices were negatively correlated with BE (r = -0.41; p <0.001), EE (r = -0.33; p <0.001) and BMI (r = -0.24; p <0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that EE ( ß = - 0.1351, t = -2.841; p = 0.005; η p 2 = 0.013), BE ( ß = - 0.2580, t = - 5.612; p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.050), not doing physical exercise at home ( ß = -0.4271, t = - 5.933 p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.055), be vespertine ( ß = -0.3435, t = 2.076 p = 0.038; η p 2 = 0.019) and age ( ß = -0.082, t = -2.210; p = 0.027; η p 2 = 0.008) are negative predictors of dietary practices. Finally, cognitive restraint ( ß = 0.1407, t = 3.858; p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.024), better sleep quality ( ß = 0.1768, t = 2.506; p = 0.012; η p 2 = 0.010), receive 4-10 salaries ( ß = 0.2568, t = 2.573 p = 0.10; η p 2 = 0.027) and 10 – 20 salaries ( ß = 0.4490, t = 3.726 p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.027) are positive pr...

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