A description of the epidemiological profile of visceral leishmaniasis among Indians in the State of Roraima, Brazil, was based on the clinical characteristics of human and dog disease, ecological aspects of the area where the cases occurred and entomologic investigations performed from 1989 to 1993. The 82 human cases were reported in six out of eight Counties that existed then in the state; there was a 69.5% predominance of male cases among those registered and a greater (52.4%) occurrence of the disease in children from zero to ten years old. The rate of natural infection was 10.3% out of 3,773 dogs examined in 74 different locations. Lutzomyia longipalpis was found in 31 areas with greater prevalence of the disease. The human and animal cases as well as the vectors were concentrated in areas where mountains and arable soil predominate, typical locations for the occurrence of American visceral leishmaniasis.
RESUMOOs autores descrevem o resultado de dois anos de investigação de um foco de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), ocorrida em área urbanizada em um conjunto habitacional na cidade da Manaus-AM. Chama atenção o fato de que este não é o padrão de ocorrência de surtos da doença na região, e sim interrupção da transmissão após urbanização. Foram investigados os animais considerados reservatórios em potencial para a leishmaniose em domicílios humanos e em áreas de floresta adjacentes. Foram testados anticorpos contra Leishmania spp em amostras de sangue de cães e detectada reatividade pela reação de imunofluorescencia indireta em oito (20,51 %) dos examinados. Entre os animais silvestres examinados a espécie Didelphis marsupialis foi predominante, com 20 exemplares capturados, sendo encontrados homoflagelados em três destes e lesões suspeitas de leishmaniose cutanea em dois. Acredita-se que um assentamento populacional desordenado ocorrido nas adjacências tenha causado o deslocamento das populações de vetores e reservatórios naturais em direção às casas do conjunto Hiléia propiciando o surto. RIFI. Eight (20.51%) of the examined domestic dogs showed reactivity. In captured wild animals, the Didelphis marsupialis was predominant in twenty specimens, three with homoflagelated in the blood and two with suspicious cutaneous lesions. We believe that the disordered population growth in the nearby area pushed the population of vectors and natural reservoir toward the homes in the Heleia neighborhood creating conditions for this outbreak.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Reservatórios mamíferos, Leishmaniose Tegumentar, RIFI, Manaus.
Two year study of reservoir animals in an old urban area with cutaneous Leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Manaus-AM, Brazil
ABSTRACT
This is the result of a two year follow-up of a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) foci in the Hileia urban neighborhood in Manaus. It is important to point out that this is not the usual pattern of Leishmaniasis occurrence in this area. The authors investigated the animal potential reservoir in households and in the surrounding forest area. Samples were tested for leishmaniasis antibodies by
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