A tenacificação da matriz vítrea de poliestireno (PS) pela adição de borracha polibutadiênica, que tem como conseqüência um aumento de sua resistência ao impacto, origina um polímero com características singulares, o Poliestireno de Alto Impacto (HIPS). Durante a polimerização in situ de estireno em uma solução de borracha, ocorre a formação de cadeias graftizadas de poliestireno no polibutadieno, as quais aumentam a interação interfacial borracha-PS. O HIPS é um material com ampla aplicação na indústria de embalagens e, principalmente, em gabinetes de refrigeradores, a chamada linha branca. O objetivo deste artigo é destacar e discutir as características estruturais e morfológicas do HIPS e a implicação destas na determinação de suas propriedades. Também foram revisadas as técnicas comumente utilizadas na caracterização morfológica e estrutural do HIPS.

No abstract

The dispersion of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubber in a polystyrene (PS) matrix is an alternative for improving the weathering resistance of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), which commonly contains polybutadiene as an impact modifier. However, EPDM and PS are immiscible, and compatibilizers are required to improve the final properties. In this study, EPDM-PS blends were prepared by melt mixing, and the compatibilizing effects of two block copolymers on these blends was studied. The materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, tensile and impact tests, and exposure to UV light for 20 days. The addition of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) and styrene-ethylene-co-butylenestyrene block copolymer (SEBS) improved the dispersion of EPDM in the PS matrix. The compatibilized blends showed lower tensile properties, but an important increase in the impact strength was observed compared to the noncompatibilized blend. With regard to the impact strength, SBS was more effective than SEBS as a compatibilizer. All of the blends showed higher UV resistances than the commercial HIPS, and the best performance was observed in the blends compatibilized with SEBS. These results are discussed and explained in terms of the blends' morphologies and chemical compositions.

Poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS) é uma blenda polimérica clássica de reator produzida por polimerização in-situ de estireno em solução com borracha butadiênica. Na literatura, está bem estabelecida a importância do tamanho de partícula e da densidade da ligação cruzada da borracha na capacidade de cavitação e no controle dos mecanismos de tenacificação na matriz estirênica. No presente trabalho as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e espalhamento de luz laser de baixo ângulo (LALLS) foram empregadas para observar a distribuição do tamanho de partícula, e a análise digital de imagem foi aplicada para quantificar os parâmetros morfológicos nas micrografias. Medidas do tamanho de partícula e da fração aparente volumétrica de partícula foram feitas para diferentes espessuras na MET e comparadas com o parâmetro estatístico D[4,3] obtido na LALLS.

This article exploits the influence of rubber particle size (RPS) and rubber crosslinking on environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of high impact polystyrene (HIPS), with special interest on the influence of small rubber particles fraction. Three commercial HIPS of high ESCR were selected and four batches of HIPS were prepared in-house, including samples based on high cis and very high viscosity polybutadiene (PB). Their morphologies were analyzed by low angle laser light scattering, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and the samples were submitted to flexural ESCR tests with fatty agents. The ESCR to sunflower oil was found to increase with the reduction of the rubber particles fraction smaller than 1-2 micron. Results have also confirmed that an increase in RPS is the key parameter to promote ESCR, although there is limit for RPS to be effective on ESCR improvement. The reduction of small rubber particles fraction in HIPS was achieved by using a high cis PB, that promotes low grafting efficiency of polystyrene onto PB backbone because of the low content of 1,2 vinyl isomer. Besides the ESCR improvements, HIPS with high cis PB showed higher elastic modulus and impact resistance than HIPS containing medium cis PB, which is desired for thickness reduction in food packaging and refrigeration cabinets.