Coffee is globally one of the most widely used food products and is vital to the economies of countries involved in its production and export. Due to its commercial importance, the detection of impurities and foreign matters has been a constant concern in fraud verification, especially because it is difficult to perceive adulterations with the naked eye in samples of roasted and ground coffee. Until now, there has been no comprehensive methodology for identification of the many types of coffee adulterants. This work describes, for the first time, a fast and effective technique using 1 H NMR to check for adulteration in roasted coffee. The samples used were a set of commercial Brazilian arabica blends produced from good cup quality beans, and four adulterants (corn, coffee husks, barley, and soybean). The methodology was effective for all the adulterants analyzed in 31 commercial samples.Published by Elsevier Inc.
With globalization, it has become necessary to adopt policies to regulate the coffee market, addressing problems including the authenticity and traceability of products. It is therefore important to establish methodologies that can help to safeguard the interests of producer countries and add value to products. For this purpose, the use of NMR combined with multivariate statistical procedures can be an attractive option. The aim of this study was to develop a fast and effective technique, using H NMR coupled with multivariate statistics, to create a fingerprint of roasted coffees, distinguishing them according to the main Brazilian producer regions. Several compounds suitable for differentiating roasted coffees were identified in the fingerprint. Discriminant analysis revealed good distinction among the samples. The compounds catechol, trigonelline, caffeine, and-methylpyridine were most important for the differentiation. The findings should assist coffee-producing countries in adopting measures to protect their markets and to add value to coffee products.
Counterfeiting and adulteration of pharmaceuticals is a prevalent problem worldwide and represents a major health risk to the population, with anabolic steroids being one of the main classes of drugs consumed and obtained from dubious sources. In this work, we propose the use of the H NMR technique to evaluate formulations containing anabolic steroids, with analysis of 40 samples of anabolic drugs that are used in injectable and capsule forms. The samples analyzed presented the following active ingredients: testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, testosterone isocaproate, testosterone decanoate, testosterone cypionate, testosterone undecanoate, stanozolol, drostanolone propionate, trenbolone acetate, oxymetholone, and methandrostenolone. TheH NMR spectroscopic measurements were performed using a 600 MHz Bruker Avance III spectrometer, with deuterated chloroform (CDCl) containing 0.1% TMS as solvent. Of the 40 samples analyzed, eight did not show the presence of the active principle stated on the label. Three types of adulteration were found in the analyzed samples: absence of the active ingredient, adulteration with other substances, and concentration values below those indicated on the label. Sildenafil citrate was found in four samples. The GC-MS technique was used to confirm the adulteration results found using H NMR. Quantitative determination by NMR was performed using internal standard and ERETIC 2 methods, and the results obtained were statistically the same.
Folic acid is a B complex water-soluble vitamin that is essential to humans, and its deficiency can cause problems including congenital malformations in the fetus as well as heart disease. Most countries affected by diseases associated with a lack of folic acid now supplement foods with the vitamin. There is therefore a need for the development of new analytical procedures able to determine folic acid present in different matrices. This work describes the development of zero order and first order derivative spectrophotometric methods for the determination of folic acid in different pharmaceutical formulations, using 0.1 mol L -1 NaOH as solvent. The methods are shown to be simple, selective, and robust. Good linearity was achieved, with correction coefficients ≥0.9996 and limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.64 to 0.75 and from 1.80 to 2.85 mg L -1 , respectively. Recoveries of 98-104% were obtained in accuracy tests, and precision (as RSD) was between 0.2 and 4.8%. The methods can be used in routine analyses for quality control purposes, offering an alternative to the procedures already reported in the literature.Uniterms: Folic acid/pharmaceutical formulations. Folic acid/pharmaceutical formulations/validation method. Folic acid/formulations/derivative spectrophotometry.
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