Abstract

Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do ácido giberélico, do efeito luz/escuro e do pré-resfriamento sobre a germinação de sementes de lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia Miller), empregou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de 30 sementes cada, e os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; GA3 100 ppm; GA3 200 ppm; escuro; GA3 100 e 200 ppm + 48 h de pré-resfriamento e GA3 100 e 200 ppm + 7 dias de pré-resfriamento. As sementes de lavanda foram pré-embebidas por 18 horas nas soluções de GA3 e em água destilada e depois colocadas em gerbox, com papel de filtro umedecido com água destilada. Nos tratamentos com pré-resfriamento as sementes foram mantidas em câmara fria por 48 horas e 7 dias à temperatura de 5° C; posteriormente, foram transferidas para o germinador, sob luz branca contínua à temperatura constante de 25°C. A contagem das sementes foi realizada de 2 em 2 dias até completar 30 dias de teste. Para a avaliação dos efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a germinação das sementes foram realizadas as seguintes observações: a) porcentagem de sementes germinadas e b) tempo médio de germinação (expresso em dias). A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que os tratamentos com GA3, em conjunto ou não com pré-resfriamento, aumentaram significativamente a porcentagem de germinação, além de acelerar tal processo.
To study the effects of gibbellic acid, of the light/darkness and of pre-freezing on the germination of lavender seeds, a randomized experiment was used, with five replications of 30 seeds, with the following treatments: control, GA3 100 ppm, GA3 200 ppm, darkness, GA3 100 and 200 ppm + 48 h pre-freezing and GA3 100 and 200 ppm + 7 days of pre-freezing. The lavender seeds were pre-soaked during 18 hours in GA3 and destilated water solutions, and thereafter placed in gerbox, using moistened filter paper. In the pre-freezing treatments the seeds were kept in a refrigerator for 48 hours and thereafter 7 days in 5° C. After this they were transfered to a germinator with continuous white light and constant temperature of 25° C . Seed counting was performed each 2 days until 30 days. To evaluate the treatment effects, seeds were submitted to the following observations: a) percentage of germinated seeds, and b) the average period of germination, expressed in days. From the results it could be observed that the GA3 treatments, with or without pre-freezing, increased significatively the germination percentage, reducing the reaction time

RESUMO:O aumento pela procura das plantas medicinais tem incentivado a sua comercialização. No entanto, alguns cuidados devem ser tomados, como, por exemplo, a correta identificação tendo em vista os equívocos que ocorrem pela má identificação, podendo causar consequências graves como a inocuidade do fitoterápico e intoxicações. Entre as espécies comercializadas encontra-se o boldo, nome usado para designar espécies de diferentes famílias e gêneros. Como contribuição ao controle de qualidade de drogas vegetais comercializadas, o presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar morfoanatomicamente as folhas das espécies Peumus boldus Molina conhecido como boldo verdadeiro e Plectranthus ornatus Codd. encontrado como boldo falso. Folhas desidratadas de Peumus boldus foram adquiridas em uma farmácia da cidade e folhas frescas de indivíduos de Plectranthus ornatus foram coletadas em março de 2016 na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus-ES. As folhas foram descritas morfologicamente segundo terminologias e foram empregadas técnicas usais de anatomia vegetal. Os resultados obtidos demonstram significativas diferenças morfoanatômicas, apesar das espécies estudadas receberem nomes populares semelhantes, como venação, forma, ápice, base, margem, localização e tipos de estômatos e tricomas, formato das células epidérmicas, da nervura central e do pecíolo, constituição do mesofilo, quantidade, tipo e disposição dos feixes vasculares no pecíolo. Portanto, tais informações podem contribuir para diagnose do boldo verdadeiro e do boldo falso comercializados, além de fornecer informações para pesquisas relacionadas ao controle de qualidade de drogas vegetais. Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais; Peumus boldus; Plectranthus ornatus. ABSTRACT:The increased demand for medicinal plants has encouraged its marketing. However, some precautions should be taken, such as correct identification in view of misunderstandings that occur due to poor identification, and may cause serious consequences such as herbal safety and intoxications. Among the marketed species is found "boldo", name used to designate species of different families and genera. As a contribution to the quality control of marketed plant drugs, the present study aims to characterize regards morphology, anatomy leaves of the species Peumus boldus Molina known as true boldo and Plectranthus ornatus Codd as false boldo. Dried leaves of Peumus boldus were purchased at a pharmacy in town and fresh leaves of individuals of Plectranthus ornatus were collected in March of 2016 at the

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of hydroalcoholic extract, infusion and essential oil of Mentha piperita L. on Candida spp. Hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil were evaluated regarding microbial activity against 50 strains of Candida albicans, 10 Candida glabrata, 10 Candida tropicalis, 8 Candida parapsilosis and 2 Candida krusei. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the hydroalcoholic extract was determined by the broth dilution method and the essential oil antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion test. The effect of infusion of Mentha piperita L. on the adherence of standard Candida strains to acrylic resin was also investigated. The results demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extract of Mentha piperita L. showed fungistatic activity against strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The essential oil showed greater inhibitory activity on strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Infusion of Mentha piperita L. did not inhibit the adherence of Candida to acrylic resin. In conclusion, Mentha piperita L. presented greater antimicrobial activity against strains of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but showed no effect on the adherence of these microorganisms to acrylic resin.

RESUMO:O óleo essencial extraído de Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Staf, Poaceae, é rico em citral sendo amplamente empregado na indústria química e farmacêutica. Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar o conteúdo de citral entre populações de C. citratus coletados em duas regiões diferentes (Ibiúna e Pindamonhangaba, Estado de São Paulo). O óleo essencial extraído de uma população cultivada em Pindamonhangaba-SP apresentou uma concentração alta de citral (aproximadamente 96,0%), enquanto que o óleo extraído da população de Ibiúna-SP apresentou, além de citral, proporções elevadas de outro monoterpeno, o geraniol. Adicionalmente, os óleos essenciais obtidos desta população de C. citratus foram extraídos e analisados ao longo de 24 h (a cada 3 h), sendo que o teor de citral foi maior no período da noite, o que mostra a importância de estudos que avaliam as diferenças químicas associadas às mudanças circadianas. Os componentes dos óleos essenciais foram identificados por RMN de 13 C, CG/EM e CG através do índice de Kovats. Unitermos:Cymbopogon citratus, constituintes voláteis, citral.ABSTRACT: "Variation in the amounts of volatile constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Staf, Poaceae, collected in different regions of São Paulo State." The essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Staf, Poaceae, is rich in citral and it has many applications in chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of citral in populations of C. citratus collected in two different regions (Ibiúna and Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State). The essential oil extracted of a cultivated population in Pidamonhangaba-SP, showed a high content of citral (approximately 96.0%), while the essential oil from Ibiuna-SP, showed citral and high amounts of another monoterpene, geraniol. Additionally, the essential oils from this population of C. citratus were extracted and analyzed during 24 h (each 3 h), being the major concentration of citral in the night period, indicating that studies which evaluated the chemical differences associated to circadian changes. The components of essential oils were identified through 13 C NMR, GC/MS, GC and Kovat's index.

RESUMO:O óleo volátil da melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden & Betche, Cheel) possui atividade antimicrobiana podendo causar efeitos sobre as plantas. Avaliou-se a inibição do óleo em Cercospora beticola Sacc., e seu efeito no aumento da produção e qualidade de raízes de beterraba. As doses foram de 0,13; 0,67; 0,80 e 1,00% do óleo, além das testemunhas composta pelo meio de cultura Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA) no experimento in vitro, e água no experimento in vivo. As plantas foram pulverizadas duas vezes por semana. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O índice de infecção das folhas foi determinado por escala diagramática além do peso e diâmetro das raízes. Os resultados de inibição do crescimento micelial para as doses do óleo foram 0; 56; 87; 83 e 99%, e os índices de infecção: 77,08; 35,62; 21,04; 19,37 e 20,00%, respectivamente, para a testemunha e as doses 0,13; 0,67; 0,80 e 1,00% do óleo. Somente na concentração de 0,80% o óleo proporcionou relação positiva entre o ganho de peso e o diâmetro das raízes. O óleo de Melaleuca foi eficaz no controle de C. beticola e, como consequência, houve produção de raízes de beterraba com melhor desenvolvimento.Palavras chave: cercosporiose, óleo medicinal, fitopatógeno, controle alternativo.ABSTRACT: Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden& Betche, Cheel) in control of Cercospora beticola Sacc. on Beet. The volatile oil from Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden & Betche Cheel.) has antimicrobial properties and can promote several effects on plant cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of the oil in Cercospora beticola Sacc. and if it favors the growth and development of beet root. The doses were 0.13, 0.67, 0.8 and 1% of oil, besides the control PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) in vitro (laboratory condition) and with water as treatment control in vivo (field conditions). The plants were sprayed twice a week. The treatments were completely randomized and the averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The infection rate of leaves was measured by diagrammatic scale besides the weight and diameter of tubers. The inhibition results of the radial growth by oil treatments were 0; 56, 87, 83 and 99%, while the infection rate showed: 77. 08, 35.62, 21.04, 19.37 and 20% respectively to the control and to the oil concentration of 0,13; 0,67; 0,80 e 1,00%. Only at concentration of 0.8% the tea tree oil showed a positive relationship between tuber´s weight and tuber´s diameter gains. It can be concluded that tea tree oil is effective to controlling C. beticola, and also promotes an increase on development in beet tubers.

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Urban agriculture is considered an important solution to food security. Rooftops are a new addition to possible places to grow vegetables due to urban land being limited and expensive. However, urban agriculture can be a risk in the case that vegetables are contaminated with heavy metals via atmospheric deposition because of tra c emissions. Among the vegetables, lettuce stands out as one of the most popular in Brazilian food and it is a very important vegetable for the human diet, but its consumption is the most common route for human exposure to toxic metals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the essential and non-essential elements in lettuce cultivated on a rooftop urban garden developed by Agronomy College within the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, to assess the human health risks associated with the potentially toxic metals based on the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the target hazard quotient (THQ), and to access the possible sources of heavy metal contamination by multivariate statistical. Instrumental neutron activation analysis, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were applied to determine the elemental concentration in lettuce leaves. This study demonstrated that lettuces grown on a rooftop are sources of essential macronutrients such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium and have lower concentrations of trace elements. The Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations did not exceed the Brazilian legislation limit. The Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb presented low levels compared to oral reference dose (R f D). The results of the cluster analysis showed that Ni, Cr, Co, and Pb may be associated to vehicles emissions. Both EDI and THQ values suggested minimal risk upon consumption of lettuce.