AGRADECIMENTOSEm primeiro lugar a Deus pela saúde e força diante das adversidades.Aos meus pais pelo exemplo de perseverança e honestidade.A minha esposa, grande incentivadora deste trabalho.Aos meus filhos pela compreensão nos momentos em que estive ausente.Ao meu orientador João Bosco pela excelente orientação durante a elaboração deste trabalho.Ao professor Alexandre Delbem pela acolhida na USP e auxílio desde o início do Mestrado.A todos os professores do ICMC e do SEL.Aos colegas do LACO e amigos da EMBRAER pela ajuda e incentivo.
RESUMO
ABSTRACTIn modern operating control centers, the estimated state variables, instead of the measured state variables, constitute the database used to set up power systems real-time control actions. Consequently, the state estimation process is essential for power system real-time operation.The success of the state estimation process depends on the available metering systems, that is, on the topological distribution of the established meters and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) on the system.A methodology for metering system planning for state estimation purposes was developed in this work. The methodology is based on both EvolutionaryAlgorithms (EAs) and on the analysis of the called H ∆ matrix. By analyzing the structure of this matrix, which is obtained via a triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix, the developed methodology can determine reliable metering systems (RMS), under many different topology scenarios. In this work a metering system is considered as reliable if it is observable and has no critical measurements, critical sets neither critical RTUs. An EA was developed to find the best RMS with minimal investment cost. The developed EA uses a fitness function that measures the installation cost of meters and RTUs from a given RMS. One relevant advantage of the developed methodology is its strategy to obtain RMS. An indirect chromosome encoding representing a preferential order of meters installation combined with properties of the H ∆ matrix guarantees the proposed EA generates only feasible solutions, i.e. RMSs.In order to validate the developed methodology, several tests were executed considering the IEEE 6, 14, 30 and 118 bus systems, as well as the real system with 61 buses from Eletropaulo.
Some years ago an efficient methodology for SCADA metering system planning was developed. The methodology enables the design of Reliable Metering Systems (RMSs) for state estimation purposes (i.e., observable metering systems free from critical measurements, critical sets and critical Remote Terminal Units), minimizing investment costs. It is based on Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) and the analysis of the H ' ' matrix. This paper reports on the extension of this methodology for the incorporation of synchronized phasor measurements, which are provided by Phasor Measurement Units. The aim is to obtain an efficient methodology that enables the design of RMSs considering the existence of both non-synchronized SCADA measurements and synchronized phasor measurements, minimizing investment costs. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, some of several test results of its application in the IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus systems will be presented. Some results will be compared to those obtained by other methodologies.
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