A embriologia comparativa é de extrema importância no processo de formação de profissionais da área da saúde, da biologia e até mesmo das agrárias. No campo macro e microscópico, observam-se estímulos para o desenvolvimento de novos métodos com a aplicação de diferentes abordagens pedagógicas. Nos cursos de graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Biológicas e até mesmo na Medicina Humana, o método tradicional de ensino vem passando por inovações semestre após semestre. O presente relato aborda os desafios e perspectivas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem acerca da embriologia comparativa e os novos possíveis métodos alternativos de inclusão neste ensino, verificadas por meio de uma revisão crítica. Desse modo, é possível verificar a partir da literatura consultada que o uso de recursos extras no processo de ensino-aprendizagem mostrase essencial e de fato mais eficaz para a aquisição de conhecimentos, mas, tendo em vista sua complexidade, é necessária uma abordagem de forma multidisciplinar.
Anatomic studies about Coati (Nasua nasua) are an interesting area, since the contribution to knowledge and development of biological system from this specie that is geographically distributed almost every South American continent, including Brazil. Coati is popularly known as coati, quati, quati-mundéo and quati of stick (terminology attributed with the shape of its nose similar to a trumpet), which belongs the carnivorous order and Procyonidae family. The Nasua gender comprises two species, Nasua nasua and Nasua narica, however only Nasua nasua occurs in Brazil, in the cerrado biome. The present work aimed an anatomical and comparative study of abdominal aorta to verify the structural organization of this vessel on the body and its adaptations to physiological and evolutionary processes, even as possible inherent adaptations to alimentary and reproductive habit. For this, two male and two female specimens obtained from accidental death on the roadsides of Brazilian Southeast of Goiás was used. The arterial system was dissected and inject with Latex Art Glue, colored with red pigment Wandalar, through the femoral artery. Subsequently was made a fixation with aqueous 10 % formaldehyde solution to conservation. The preparation of anatomical pieces was performed under consecrated techniques in Macroscopic Anatomy. The present study demonstrated that in Coati, the anatomic standard of aorta abdominal part and the respective collateral branch shows a similar template to mammalian animals and the detailed analysis of these abdominal vessels reveals particularities to this specie in small arteries as the Phrenic-Abdominal, Suprarenal and Deep Circumflex Iliac.
The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal branches composed of internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery originate. In addition, five pairs of lumbar arteries originate alongside the abdominal segment of the aorta. Considering these findings, it is possible to conclude that despite the hoary fox being a wild animal, the anatomy of its abdominal aorta is very similar to that of domestic canids.
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