A systematic method has been established to perform and analyse in detail the Energy Performance Certification of 21 faculty buildings located at the University of Zaragoza (Spain), according to the transposition of Directive 2010/31/EU. First of all, the problem background and a review of the state-of-the-art of the energy certification in buildings is outlined, regarding both the actual state of the Government regulations and the studies undertaken in several countries to assess the energy performance of different types of buildings, residential and non-residential. A summary of the causes found in other studies for the discrepancies between the estimated (by simulation) and actual energy consumption is shown which is afterwards tested and compared with the results found in the present study. Thereafter, the method followed to undertake the buildings' energy performance certification is explained, and the main results found together with the discussion are detailed, comparing
In this article, a method to solve isolated rural networks facilities supported by renewable energies by mixed-integer linear programming is described. The algorithm is applied on a specific location and includes renewable energy sources like windpower, hydroelectric and biomass, electrical loads from populations and irrigation needs, as well as a storage system based on a pumping-turbinate unit.
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