Objective: To evaluate stainless steel archwire static friction in active and passive self-ligating lingual and conventional brackets with second-order angulations. Methods: Two conventional lingual brackets for canines (STb light/Ormco; PSWb/Tecnident), and two self-ligating brackets, one active (In-Ovation L/GAC) and the other passive (3D/ Forestadent), were evaluated. A stainless steel archwire was used at 0°, 3° and 5° angulations. Metal ligatures, conventional elastic ligatures, and low friction elastic ligatures were also tested. A universal testing machine applied friction between brackets and wires, simulating sliding mechanics, to produce 2-mm sliding at 3 mm/minute speed. Results: Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant effect of the interaction between brackets and angulations (p < 0.001). Tukey test indicated that the highest frictional resistance values were observed at 5° angulation for In-Ovation L, PSWb bracket with non conventional ligature, and STb bracket with metal ligature. As for 3D, PSWb with conventional or metal ligatures, and STb brackets with non conventional ligature, showed significantly lower static frictional resistance with 0° angulation. At 0° angulation, STb brackets with metal ties, In-Ovation L brackets and 3D brackets had the lowest frictional resistance. Conclusions: As the angulation increased from 0° to 3°, static friction resistance increased. When angulation increased from 3° to 5°, static friction resistance increased or remained the same. Self-ligating 3D and In-Ovation L brackets, as well as conventional STb brackets, seem to be the best option when sliding mechanics is used to perform lingual orthodontic treatment.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar histologicamente o mecanismo de remodelação do periodonto de sustentação dos dentes caninos de cães adultos jovens, sob aplicação de forças ortodônticas com e sem a utilização do ultra-som. Oito cães sem raça definida, de ambos os gêneros, com 1 a 2 anos de idade, pesando de 10 a 15 Kg, receberam uma força de 150g estabelecida por uma mola superelástica, colocada por mesial do primeiro molar superior direito e tracionada até a face distal do canino superior direito. O grupo controle foi constituído por 4 animais e os demais representaram o grupo experimental. Estimulações de ultra-som foram aplicadas nos animais do grupo experimental, durante 20 minutos diários, sobre a região de movimentação dentária, com 200 microssegundos de largura de pulso e 1.000Hz de freqüência de repetição de pulso. Um animal de cada grupo foi sacrificado nos períodos de 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Os hemiarcos dentários foram removidos, fixados em solução de Bouin e foram obtidos cortes histológicos com coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina e Tricrômico de Masson para análise de microscopia óptica. Os aspectos histológicos mostraram-se diferentes entre os dois grupos, sendo que os animais estimulados pelo ultra-som responderam com intensa neoformação vascular e celular no LP e osso alveolar, apresentando maior organização nas fibras colágenas e regularização dos tecidos mineralizados. Estes resultados sugerem que o ultra-som pode ser indicado na estabilização dos dentes de ancoragem, estimulando a neoformação óssea mais rápida em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. ResumoPalavras-chave: Ultra-som. Movimentação dentária. Remodelação óssea.

ObjectiveSome clinical periodontal health parameters were assessed comparatively in patients using conventional and lingual brackets.Material and methodA trained examiner registered the frequencies of visible plaque (VP), bleeding on probing (BOP), as well as the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) and modified gingival (MGI) indices in 83 subjects from two clinics. The effects of orthodontic treatments on periodontal health were analyzed using logistic regression (α = 0.05).ResultIn the conventional group, the frequency of visible plaque was significantly higher on the buccal surfaces of anterior (OR = 12.5) and maxillary posterior (OR = 3.6) teeth, p < 0.01. BOP in posterior teeth was also more frequent in this group, p < 0.05. The lingual group presented higher frequency of visible plaque on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth (OR = 4.3; p = 0.0034). The conventional group had significantly higher frequencies of mild gingivitis in the buccal regions of anterior (OR = 9.0) and maxillary posterior (OR = 16.7) teeth, p < 0.05, and anterior papillae (OR = 9.0; p = 0.0003). On the other hand, the lingual group evidenced mild gingivitis more often in the lingual regions of anterior teeth (OR = 54.5), p < 0.01.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, the clinical periodontal health conditions may be considered acceptable for patients using both conventional and lingual brackets.

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Objectives: The bracketless orthodontic treatment (BOT) is an alternative technique which indicates using an orthodontic appliance composed of wires and composite resin assisted by 3D technology. However, the biomechanical response of central incisor orthodontic movement has yet to be investigated. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to calculate the stress magnitude in central incisor movement through 3D finite element analysis using different wire diameters (0.012”, 0.014”, and 0.016”) of nickel–titanium wire and two different resin composites (Opallis and Filtek). Materials and Methods: A 3D volume composed of enamel, dentin, cortical bone, cancellous bone, periodontal ligament, composite resin, and different orthodontic wire diameters was designed. After the modeling process, the models were exported to computer-aided engineering software divided into a finite number of elements, and a mechanical structural static analysis was conducted. Results: The stress results were plotted on colorimetric maps and in tables for comparison between the different models. The results showed that the central incisor orthodontic movement with BOT does not induce damage to the periodontal ligament, dental root, or bone tissue, regardless of the simulated orthodontic wire diameter and resin composite materials. The palatal composite resin and orthodontic wire also presented acceptable stress magnitude during orthodontic movement. Conclusion: Thus, the BOT technique promoted a suitable biomechanical response during central incisor movement regardless the resin composite.