images in clinical medicineT h e n e w e ng l a n d j o u r na l o f m e dic i n e n engl j med 368;6 nejm.org february 7, 2013 e7 A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of epigastric pain, weight loss, and nausea. In the previous 3 months, he had lost 10 kg. On examination, he was noted to have a nontender, firm, fixed, left supraclavicular lymph node measuring 3.0 by 2.5 cm. Upper endoscopy revealed an adenocarcinoma of the gastric corpus. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed liver metastasis. Virchow's node, or Troisier's node, refers to carcinomatous involvement of the supraclavicular nodes at the junction of the thoracic duct and the left subclavian vein. Usually, nodal enlargement is caused by metastatic gastric carcinoma, although supraclavicular nodal involvement can also be seen in other gastrointestinal, thoracic, and pelvic cancers. Gastric cancers tend to metastasize to this region by means of migration of tumor emboli through the thoracic duct, where subdiaphragmatic lymphatic drainage enters the venous circulation in the left subclavian vein.
Esophageal cancer is a devastating disease with rapidly increasing incidence in Western countries. Dysphagia is the most common complication, causing severe malnutrition and reduced quality of life. A 69-year-old male with persistent esophageal cancer after radiation therapy was subjected to palliative by-pass surgery using a laparoscopic approach. Due to the advanced stage at diagnosis, palliative treatment was a more realistic option. Dysphagia is a most distressing symptom of this disease, causing malnutrition and reducing quality of life. The goal of palliation is to improve swallowing. The most common methods applied are endoscopic stenting, radiation therapy (external or brachytherapy), chemotherapy, yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser rechanneling or endoscopic dilatation. Palliative surgery is rarely proposed due to morbidity and complications. This paper demonstrates an update in the technique proposed by Postlethwait in 1979 for palliation of esophageal cancer.
It's important to think in the Spigelian hernia as cause of lower abdominal pain to prompt indicate surgical repair and provide the patient's symptom relief. Also the type of repair is dependent on the surgeon's choice and also the means available in each center.
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