RNA viruses show the highest mutation rate in nature. It has been extensively demonstrated that, in the absence of purifying selection, RNA viruses accumulate deleterious mutations at a high rate. However, the parameters describing this accumulation are, in general, poorly understood. The present study reports evidences for fitness declines by the accumulation of deleterious mutations in the bacteriophage MS2. We estimated the rate of fitness decline to be as high as 16% per bottleneck transfer. In addition, our results agree with an additive model of fitness effects.
Active NaBC1 physically co‐localizes with other transmembrane proteins, such as active VEGFR, leading to simultaneous enhanced intracellular signaling in the presence of ultra‐low doses of ligand (simulating physiological levels). To fully potentiate the ability of biomaterials to control vascularization mechanisms, full attention needs to be given to the interplay between specific cell membrane receptors in order to mimic biological niches at the molecular level. In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.201800220, Patricia Rico, Manuel Salmerón‐Sánchez, and co‐workers present a new therapeutic strategy for vascularization using ions instead of growth factors.
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