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NBI could be a useful tool for obtaining free resection margins in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Objectives Piecemeal resection provides an innovative conceptual tool for margins surveillance because it entails the intraoperative evaluation of the whole resection margins and not just sample points, which should result in a better control of deep margins compared to en bloc resection. Although it is recognized that the intraoperative use of narrow band imaging (NBI) results in a better control of superficial margins, in this exploratory study we investigated whether NBI and piecemeal resection could be used in combination to improve margin control at both superficial and deep levels. Because piecemeal resection is based on frozen section analysis, we wanted to verify its reliability compared to definitive histological examination. Methods The status of resection margins in a group of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers treated with NBI and laser CO2 piecemeal resection (group 1) was compared with that of an historical group of patients (group 2) treated with NBI and conventional en bloc resection. In group 1, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to verify the rate of concordance between frozen section and definitive histology. Results The difference between deep positive margins in the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.042). The high sensitivity and specificity (94.6% and 94.7%, respectively) of frozen section analysis also demonstrated its reliability in the examination of larger samples corresponding to the whole margin. Conclusion Even if our findings are limited by the small number of patients, we are confident that the combined use of NBI and piecemeal resection could represent an attractive surgical strategy to improve margin control. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 129:1810–1815, 2019