This review will be centered around the work that has been reported on the development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) serving as catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide into short-chain hydrocarbons and the generation of clean energies starting from biomass. MOFs have mainly been used as support for catalysts or to prepare catalysts derived from MOFs (as sacrifice template), obtaining interesting results in the hydrogenation or oxidation of biomass. They have presented a good performance in the hydrogenation of CO2 into light hydrocarbon fuels. The common patterns to be considered in the performance of the catalysts are the acidity of MOFs, metal nodes, surface area and the dispersion of the active sites, and these parameters will be discussed in this review.