The main goal of this paper was to propose a program to develop sustainable tourism at Santurbán moor in Colombia. This would open new paths toward economic growth for the communities inhabiting this sector who are currently facing a serious dilemma. First, the moor is an area of vital importance to the sustainability of more than two million people, who depend on water generated in the area. On the other hand, this land contains great mineral wealth and agricultural resources. This has generated an already long-lasting conflict of interest between environment conservation and the possible economic exploitation of the Santurbán moor through industrial mining. To this end, we conducted bibliographic research on sustainable tourism, specifically with scientific ends, that considered the potential of this area for its implementation. Prospective methodology was applied, beginning with the selection of a panel of experts to identify the most important external and internal variables that could affect the area. Then, Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) software was used to identify the correlation between the different actors and their possible contributions. As a result of this research, a proposal is presented that is focused on the needs of the community living in the area, as supported by science and the academic community, and by the use of Industry 4.0 and related new technologies. This strategy could be used in other protected areas in Colombia, or throughout the world, that are currently being visited by tourists who, maybe unwillingly, are actually putting the sustainability of these areas at risk. In the future, this strategy will be consolidated and will lead to technological applications. This will allow tourists to enjoy protected places without threatening the conservation of these habitats.
Abstract-In this paper the results of using a Multi-agent system (MAS) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) are detailed. A study between different MAS architectures reported in literature is presented in order to select and adapt the most adequate one for SHM tasks. Requirements are established according to recent solutions, where main parameters are type and number of sensors and communication protocols, among others. MAS technique uses several intelligent agents, that are algorithms able to act in a reactive or active way. Their action depends on surrounding environment or collected data. These agents can work in a decentralized way, searching the fulfillment of an individual goal or they can work with another system to achieve a common goal. Decision is based on their internal state (beliefs, goals and commitments). MAS' effectiveness depends on the interconnection between the agents. Type of agents is defined according to its communication method and protocol, common and individual goals, among others. Decentralization and versatility are two important characteristics of MAS technique useful to solve SHM problem. This is one of the main motivations to consider this technique to be a good approach for the studied problem. A benchmark numerical model, which consists of a metallic framework, was used to validate and demonstrate the feasibility of the selected architecture for SHM.
In this theoretical-experimental study, we use the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory to simulate the formation of the far-field diffraction pattern of a divergent Gaussian beam propagated through a BGO photorefractive crystal. We show that for the BGO photorefractive crystal, in addition to the wavefront curvature and the change in the refractive index of the medium due to the light intensity, there is a third contribution affecting the medium-induced nonlinear phase shift; the latter is related to the additional change in the refractive index produced by the photorefractive effect.
In this theoretical-experimental study, we use the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory to simulate the formation of the far-field diffraction pattern of a divergent Gaussian beam propagated through a BGO photorefractive crystal. We show that for the BGO photorefractive crystal, in addition to the wavefront curvature and the change in the refractive index of the medium due to the light intensity, there is a third contribution affecting the medium-induced nonlinear phase shift; the latter is related to the additional change in the refractive index produced by the photorefractive effect.
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