Natural gas turbine combined cycles (GTCCs) are playing a fundamental role in the current energy transition phase towards sustainable power generation. The competitiveness of a GTCC in future electrical networks will thus be firmly related to its capability of successfully compensating the discontinuous power demands. This can be made possible by enhancing power generation flexibility and extending the operative range of the plant.
To achieve this goal, a test rig to investigate gas turbine inlet conditioning techniques was developed at the TPG laboratory of the University of Genoa, Italy. The plant is composed of three key hardware components: a micro gas turbine, a butane-based heat pump, and a phase-change material cold thermal energy storage system. The physical test-rig is virtually scaled up through a cyber-physical approach, to emulate a full scale integrated system.
The day-ahead schedule of the plant is determined by a high-level controller referring to the Italian energy market, considering fluctuations in power demands.
By using HP and TES, it is possible to control the mGT inlet air temperature and thus enhance the operational range of the plant optimizing the management of energy flows.
This article (Part 1) introduces the new experimental facility, the real-time bottoming cycle dynamic model, and the four-level control system that regulates the operation of the whole cyber-physical plant. The experimental campaign and the analysis of the system performance are presented in the Part 2.
In the current energy scenario, gas turbine combined cycles (GTCCs) are considered key drivers for the transition towards fossil-free energy production. However, to meet this goal, they must be able to cope with rapid changes of power request, and to extend their operating range beyond the limits imposed by the environmental conditions in which they operate.
The European H2020 project PUMPHEAT aims at achieving this goal thanks to the integration of the GTCC with a heat pump (HP) and a thermal energy storage (TES). To study this setup, a dedicated cyber-physical facility was built at the University of Genova laboratories, Italy.
The plant includes physical hardware, such as a 100kWel micro gas turbine, (mGT), a 10 kWel HP and a 180 kWh change phase material-based TES. These real devices are up-scaled thanks to performance maps and real-time dynamic models to emulate a full-scale heavy duty 400 MW GTCC with a cyber-physical approach. The control system determines the optimal configuration of the whole plant and the operative point of the real devices to minimize the mismatch with a real electric power demand curve.
Different operative configurations are tested: one for reducing the power production of the plant below the minimum environmental load (MEL) and two for augmenting the plant maximum power at certain ambient conditions.
From the analysis of these tests it is possible to verify the effectiveness of the proposed concept and to characterize the transient behavior of the real components.
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