The purpose of this study was to translate the English bone tumour DUX (Bt-DUX-Eng) questionnaire for lower extremity bone tumour patients, a disease-specific quality of life (QoL) instrument, into Italian and then examine the validity of the Italian version of Bt-DUX (Bt-DUX-It). The adaptation and translation process included forward translation, back-translation, and a review of the back-translation by an expert committee. The Bt-DUX-It was validated in a sample of adolescents treated for lower extremity osteosarcoma in Italy. Assessments included the Bt-DUX, the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment Core Quality of Life Questionnaire of Cancer Patients (EORTC QLQ-C30). Fifty-one patients with a median age of 20 years (range: 15–25) completed the questionnaires. The mean Bt-DUX score was 70 (range: 16.30–100). The internal consistency of the overall score and that of the Bt-DUX-It was good: Cronbach’s α was 0.95. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the Bt-DUX (total and domain scores) and EORTC QLQ C30 and TESS were overall moderate to good, reaching a p-value <0.01 in all cases. The Bt-DUX-It version is a useful tool for measuring QoL in patients with bone tumour and has similar internal consistency, construct validity, and discrimination as those of the Dutch and English versions.
This paper describes the opportunity for Enel to realize an integrated system for energy management. This will be possible thanks to the existing AMM infrastructure for the remote management of electricity meters and following the regulatory request for a smart gas meter solution. The challenge for Enel is to deploy an innovative solution for the remote management of gas meters enabling both integrated Energy management and possible future innovations.The Italian Authority (AEEG) has published a decree obliging all the gas distributors to adopt and deploy a remote management system for gas meters.First the well know and consolidated Telegestore solution will be described, to underline the key factors for the future design and development for the gas solution. Then the current gas market situation, the regulatory issues, requirement and deadline set up by the Authority will be described.Finally the innovative approach Enel has adapted to address the development of the remote smart gas meter management solution will be described. This includes the activities already performed and defines any possible scenarios for the integration of the new infrastructure with the existing electricity infrastructure, with the aim to enable an integrated, innovative and smart Energy management solution.
This paper describes the Enel activities (done and planned) for the introduction in the mass market of indoor devices in order to contribute to the energy efficiency. These activities are contributing and are in compliance with the future smart grid development. Enel can rely on a very long experience in this field since the first prototype of "idea TV" and subsequently large scale development the Enel AMM infrastructure in 2000. During the last decade many laboratory and field tests have been performed by using different prototypes able to be integrated in the Enel AMM infrastructure in order to communicate with the Enel smart meter. These prototypes have been the embryonic deployment stage of the actual indoor device that, elaborating the data collected from the smart meter and from the central system, is able to provide energy information to the Customer in order to boost energy virtuous behaviors. The new concept is to switch from a dedicated display to an enabler device for "any display" available in the house such as TV, PC, etc. This new stage of development will be the reference for the design of the future Smart Box that, integrating information coming from the in house devices and the Distributed Energy Resources (DER), will play an active role in the energy balance, maximizing the energy efficiency. The availability of the AMM System in operation over all the 32 Millions Enel LV customer is an unique advantage to carry out industrial devices addressing the energy efficiency that can evolve according with regulatory and market needs.
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