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This study analyzed the effects of overground walking training at ventilatory threshold (VT) velocity on glycaemic control, body composition, physical fitness and lipid profile in DM2 women. Nineteen sedentary patients were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n=10, 55.9±2.2 years) or a trained group (TG; n=9, 53.4±2.3 years). Both groups were subjected to anthropometric measures, a 12-h fasting blood sampling and a graded treadmill exercise test at baseline and after a 12-week period, during which TG followed a training program involving overground walking at VT velocity for 20-60min/session three times/week. Significant group×time interactions (P<0.05) in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass, body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and exercise duration were observed as effects of training exercise, whereas intervention did not induced significant changes (P>0.05) in fasting blood glucose, submaximal fitness parameters and lipid profile. Our results suggest that overground walking training at VT velocity improves long term glycaemic control, body composition and exercise capacity, attesting for the relevance of this parameter as an effective strategy for the exercise intensity prescription in DM2 population.

-This study aimed to characterize somatotype, analyze anthropometric indicators associated with body composition during the race and verify possible relationships with the performance of athletes in a 217-km ultramarathon. For this, ten male volunteers (42.8 ± 3.5 years; 171.4 ± 1.9 cm height, 70.7 ± 3.1 kg body mass; 15 ± 3 years of running exercise) performed a critical velocity (CV) test one week before the competition and were submitted to anthropometric measurements before, at 84 km of the race and at the end of the race. Volunteers finished the race in 46.8 ± 3.4 h (4.9 ± 0.4 km / h; 33.4 ± 1.8% CV). Mean values equivalent to somatotype components accounted for 3.4 ± 0.4 for endomorphy, 5.2 ± 0.4 for mesomorphy and 1.7 ± 0.3 for ectomorphy. Body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass and chest circumference decreased (P <0.05) after 84 and 217 km compared to baseline. Pre-race values of thigh skinfold thickness (R = 0.79) and waist circumference (R = 0.64) were significantly correlated (P <0.05) with final race time. Thus, we concluded that ultramarathoners had mean endo-mesomorph somatotype and reductions in both body mass and fat-free mass during and after the race. Furthermore, the results suggest that increased body fat deposits concentrated in the lower limbs and abdominal region may have a negative impact on the performance of the athletes in 217-km ultramarathon.Key words: Anthropometry; Body composition; Running; Athletic performance.Resumo -O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o somatotipo, analisar indicadores antropométricos associados à composição corporal durante a prova e verificar possíveis relações com o desempenho de atletas em uma ultramaratona de 217 km. Para tanto, dez homens (42,8±3,5 anos; 171,4±1,9 cm de estatura; 70,7±3,1 kg de massa corporal; 15±3 anos de treino de corrida) tiveram determinada a velocidade crítica (VC) uma semana antes da competição e foram submetidos às avaliações antropométricas antes, aos 84 km e ao final da prova. Os voluntários completaram a prova em 46,8 ± 3,4h (4,9 ± 0,4 km/h; 33,4 ± 1,8 % VC). Os valores médios equivalentes aos componentes do somatotipo corresponderam a 3,4 ± 0,4 para endomorfia, 5,2 ± 0,4 para mesomorfia e 1,7 ± 0,3 para ectomorfia. Massa corporal, índice de massa corporal, massa magra e circunferência peitoral reduziram (P < 0,05) aos 84 e 217-km comparados aos valores iniciais. Espessura da dobra cutânea de coxa (R= 0,79) e a circunferência de cintura (R=0,64) identificadas antes da prova foram correlacionadas significativamente (P < 0,05) com o tempo final de prova. Dessa maneira, nós concluímos que ultracorredores apresentaram somatotipo médio endo-mesomorfo e reduções tanto de massa corporal como de massa magra durante e após a prova. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que maiores depósitos de gordura corporal concentrados nos membros inferiores e na região abdominal podem ter um impacto negativo no desempenho dos atletas em ultramaratona de 217 km.

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