Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used on the cultivation of common bean in Brazil, affecting the production cost and the environment. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) can reduce the negative impacts related to N supply. This work aimed to evaluate the agroeconomic response of the inoculated common to N-fertilizer topdressing at different phenological phases of the common bean. N-fertilizer in a total of 90 kg ha −1 was applied in the form of urea at 3 phases: planting (P), phenological phase V4 (V4), and phenological phase R5 (R5) of the common bean, in two field experiments. The used treatments were P 0 V4 0 R5 0 , P 0 V4 45 R5 45 , P 0 V4 90 R5 0 , P 0 V4 0 R5 90 , P 30 V4 30 R5 30 , P 30 V4 60 R5 0 , P 30 V4 0 R5 60 , P 60 V4 30 R5 0 , P 60 V4 0 R5 30 , and P 90 V4 0 R5 0. All treatments were inoculated with peat inoculum containing the commercial strain SEMIA 4077 (Rhizobium tropici). The number of nodules (NN), nodule dry mass (NDM), leaf area index (LAI), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), grain yield (GY), production cost (PC), gross revenue (GR), net revenue (NR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were determined. N-fertilizer splitting at any dose and phenological phase decreased NN and NDM. N-fertilizer treatments provided higher LAI and SDM compared with the inoculated treatment (P 0 V4 0 R5 0). Inoculated treatment presented higher GY and lower PC, resulting in greater NR and BCR. Inoculation with Rhizobium tropici provided high nodulation to the common bean and increased its GY in 10.2% as compared with N-fertilization, which allowed a 15.8% and 7.8% higher NR and BCR, respectively, than the N-fertilized treatment.
O sistema de irrigação por Pivô central é o mais utilizado em Goiás, especialmente pelas características de produção da região, que contam com grandes áreas cultivadas, principalmente por culturas anuais, declividade suave e uniforme, alto grau de tecnificação e mecanização das propriedades e disponibilidade de água. Apesar do potencial de expansão da área irrigada em até 10 vezes, alguns são os entraves que dificultam esse crescimento, um deles é a baixa disponibilidade de energia elétrica. Uma das formas de solucionar esse problema é a utilização de energia fotovoltaica, já que a insolação média total anual no estado ultrapassa duas mil horas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica do uso de energia fotovoltaica em pivô central no estado de Goiás. Para isso, realizou-se uma simulação considerando uma área irrigada de 76,20 ha por pivô central (área média no Estado), em cultivo sucessivo de soja, milho e tomate industrial. Os custos de produção foram calculados utilizando a planilha Amazonsaf para um projeto de 25 anos (vida útil do sistema fotovoltaico) e taxa mínima de atratividade de 7,0%. Foram inseridos os coeficientes técnicos de produção, obtidos na FAEG, e calculados os indicadores financeiros: valor presente líquido (VPL); lucro médio (LMd); taxa interna de retorno (TIR); relação benefício custo (B/C) e payback. Os resultados mostraram que há viabilidade econômica do empreendimento independente da fonte de energia utilizada, elétrica tradicional ou solar fotovoltaica. O VPL foi de R$2.339,66ha-1.ano-1 e R$1.644,50ha-1.ano-1, LMd de R$5.925,47ha-1.ano-1 e R$5.743,61ha-1.ano-1, TIR de 60,31% e 33,85%, B/C de 1,37 e 1,24, e payback de 4,7 e 7,4 anos para energia elétrica tradicional e fotovoltaica, respectivamente. Observa-se que, para o sistema operado com energia fotovoltaica, há um aumento no custo de produção de 9,98%, em relação ao sistema operado por energia elétrica tradicional, e a lucratividade reduz na ordem de 3,07%.
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an alternative for the supply of N, aiming at reducing production costs and environmental impacts of common bean crops. This work aimed to evaluate the agroeconomic performance of the inoculated common bean subjected to N-fertilizer application at different phenological phases. N-fertilizer, in a total of 90 kg ha-1 as urea, was applied at 3 phases: planting (P), phenological phase V4 (V4), and phenological phase R5 (R5) of the common bean, in two field experiments. The used treatments were: P0V40R50, P0V445R545, P0V490R50, P0V40R590, P30V430R530, P30V460R50, P30V40R560, P60V430R50, P60V40R530, and P90V40R50. All treatments were inoculated with peat inoculum containing the commercial strain SEMIA 4077 (Rhizobium tropici). The number of nodules (NN), nodule dry mass (NDM), leaf area index (LAI), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), grain yield (GY), production cost (PC), gross revenue (GR), net revenue (NR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were determined. Inoculated treatment (P0V40R50) showed higher NN and NDM. Although inoculated treatment (P0V40R50) showed lower values of LAI, RDM, SDM, and GY, inoculation can result in GR, NR, and BCR equal to N-fertilized treatments, depending on the prices achieved for grains sale.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.