Background The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients can be influenced by genetic mutations and nutritional status. The relationship between these variables is unclear. The objective of the study was to verify the variables involved in the nutritional status and genetic mutations, which correlate with survival of CRC patients. Methods Patients with surgical intervention for tumor resection were evaluated using body mass index, nutritional screening, patient self-produced global subjective assessment, phase angle, and computed tomography to calculate the areas of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and muscle mass for the determination of sarcopenia. Ten gene mutations involved in CRC carcinogenesis were studied ( PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF, EGFR, NRAS, TP53, APC, PTEN, SMAD4 , and FBXW7 ). DNA was extracted from fresh tumor or paraffin tissues. Results Of the 46 patients, 29 (64.4%) were at nutritional risk and 21 (45.7%) were moderately malnourished. However, there was a high percentage of VAT in 24 (61.5%) and sarcopenia in 19 (48.7%) patients. These variables were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Nutritional risk, moderate or severe malnutrition, phase angle < 5°, VAT < 163.8 cm 2 in men and < 80.1 cm 2 in women, and sarcopenia were associated with the relative risk of death, with respective hazard ratios/odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 8.77 (1.14–67.1), 3.95 (1.11–14.0), 3.79 (1.10–13.1), 3.43 (1.03–11.4), and 3.95 (1.06–14.6). Increased VAT was associated with a lower risk of death, even in patients older than 60 years or those harboring mutated KRAS . Conclusions Patients with positive indicators for malnutrition or risk of malnutrition had an increased risk of death. No relationship was identified between the presence of mutations and survival.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de potássio, por intermédio do sal de cozinha contendo cloreto de potássio, associada à dieta hipocalórica e à atividade física aeróbica, sobre a pressão arterial e índices de resistência à insulina em pacientes hipertensos com obesidade abdominal. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo duplo-cego, randomizado, em 22 pacientes hipertensos com excesso de peso (índice de massa corporal >27kg/m²) e controle insatisfatório da pressão arterial durante o uso de diuréticos pressão arterial sistólica >140 e <160mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica >90 e <105mmHg. O estudo teve duração de 12 semanas, durante as quais, os pacientes, divididos em dois grupos (grupo sal normal, n=10; grupo sal de potássio, n=12), receberam sal contendo 100% de cloreto de sódio, ou sal contendo 50% de cloreto de sódio e 50% de cloreto de potássio. No início e ao final do estudo, os pacientes foram submetidos à determinação do índice de massa corporal, da circunferência da cintura, dos níveis séricos e da excreção urinária de sódio e potássio, à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial nas 24 horas, ao teste oral de tolerância à glicose com determinação dos níveis séricos de insulina em jejum e aos 120 minutos, à determinação do perfil lipídico do plasma e à medida da composição corporal. RESULTADOS: No grupo sal de potássio, os níveis do potássio sérico não se elevaram, como no grupo sal normal, embora se elevasse de 38,8±18,6 para 62,3±29,7mEq/g a excreção de creatinina urinária (p<0,05). A perda de peso, semelhante nos dois grupos (3,5% no grupo sal normal e 2,7% no grupo sal de potássio), associou-se às reduções na pressão arterial sistólica durante a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial; de 134,7 ±14,8 para 130,2±12,6mmHg (p<0,05) no grupo sal normal e de 128,2±7,4 para 122,9±5,7mmHg (p<0,05) no grupo sal de potássio, e às reduções na pressão arterial diastólica durante a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, de 84,4±10,2 para 81,4 ± 8,9mmHg no grupo sal normal e de 84,0±5,7 para 79,5±3,9mmHg (p<0,05) no grupo sal de potássio. As variações da pressão arterial sistólica, semelhantes nos dois grupos, correlacionaram-se com as variações das medidas da circunferência da cintura em todos os pacientes analisados em conjunto (r s=0,624; p=0,002). Os índices de resistência à insulina e o perfil lipídico do plasma não se alteraram e não diferiram entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados indicam que as perdas de peso induzidas por alterações no estilo de vida promovem reduções na pressão arterial, proporcionais às reduções na gordura abdominal. A suplementação de potássio a partir da utilização do sal de cozinha contendo cloreto de potássio, em pacientes hipertensos obesos em uso de diurético, se mostrou insuficiente para impedir a queda dos níveis séricos de potássio e não resultou em nenhum efeito sobre a resistência à insulina ou sobre a pressão arterial, além daquele obtido pela perda de peso.
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of steady-state free precession (SSFP) unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 T for the identification of multiple renal arteries, using computed tomography angiography (CTA) as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study involving 39 patients (26 males; mean age, 62.6 years) who underwent CTA and unenhanced MRA to evaluate the proximal and middle segments of the renal arteries. The analysis was performed in two phases: the quality of unenhanced MRA images was classified as diagnostic or nondiagnostic for the presence of multiple renal arteries by two independent readers; two other independent readers then evaluated the images previously classified as being of diagnostic quality. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of unenhanced MRA were calculated, CTA being used as the reference standard. The kappa statistic was used in order to calculate interobserver agreement. Results: The image quality of unenhanced MRA was considered diagnostic in 70-90% of the extrarenal arterial segments. The CTA examination revealed 19 multiple renal arteries (8 on the right and 11 on the left). The accuracy of unenhanced MRA for the identification of multiple renal arteries was greater than 90%, with a sensitivity of 72.7-100% and a specificity of 96.3-100%. Conclusion: Unenhanced MRA provides high quality imaging of the extrarenal segments of renal arteries. This method may be used as an alternative for the evaluation of the renal arteries, given that it has an accuracy comparable to that of CTA.
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