The survival of forest communities is based on the seedling bank, since the greater the diversity, the greater the probability of heterospecific replacements. This work aimed to verify, through the species composition, if there is natural regeneration of the clearing with and without management and if it is possible that the clearing regeneration occurs without the management. The study site covered a clearing and a fragment of the Atlantic Forest Biome, in the municipality of São Sebastião/SP, north coast of the state of São Paulo. Ten subplots of 0.5 m x 1.0 m were installed randomly in 8 transects of 2.0 m x 50.0 m, with and without seedling management, where the set of seedlings with up to 20 cm was sampled. At the end of the study, 266 individuals were found, grouped into 38 families and 5 life forms (arboreal, shrub, herbaceous, epiphyte and liana), later classified into: 45 species (60.81%), 23 genera (31.08%) and 6 families (8.10%). Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae stood out as the most species-rich families, with 8 and 6 species, respectively. In the clearing, 22.2% of the sampled species were found, while 77.8% belonged to the forest. The difference between the number of species in the clearing and in the forest fragment suggests that the invasive species Melinis minutiflora and Scleria plusiophylla can hinder the establishment of seeds, preventing the germination of native species. Therefore, for the clearing regeneration process to occur faster, human intervention is necessary in the management of invasive species. Accordingly, the elaboration of a revegetation project withmonitoring and evaluation of the area of study was emphasized.
This research was conducted in order to evaluate the technical and managerial procedures practiced by a company that carried out the bauxite mining, according to the reference coordinates 23S 343200/7587100, in the municipality of Poços de Caldas – Minas Gerais, with regard to its proposals contained in its Degraded Areas Recovery Plan. The methodology adopted was carried out in four distinct phases: bibliographic research, field data survey through technical visit, analysis of its Degraded Area Recovery Plan and use of geoprocessing techniques for the preparation of two maps: Digital Terrain Model and Slope Map, both prepared by ArcGIS, version 10.3. In addition, aerial images were used in order to compare over the years 2005, 2007, 2015 and 2017. The results obtained recommend topographic leveling actions. The smoothing of the area was not effective, which caused erosive processes present in certain cultivated areas, directly affecting the development of local vegetation. In relation to the techniques of exploitation and reforestation, it was noted that the company adhered to extremely common procedures in the region, such as the use of the method of open pit mining and reforestation with eucalyptus plantations.
The urban expansion and the growth of economic activities related to tourism, as well as those related to the port and sea, resulted in the occupation of the Serra do Mar slopes, in the municipality of São Sebastião - SP. This study was carried out in a clearing in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment of 4.8 hectares, located in the municipality of São Sebastião-SP, to provide subsidies to prevent and/or reduce the risks of land slippage on the slope. Thus, this work analyzed, characterized, and described the physiography and the properties of the soils on a slope of an Atlantic rainforest in the municipality of São Sebastião – SP, aiming to obtain a product on the risk of urban occupation. That is why, we used indicators associated with landscape physiography as a feature of slope (slope declivity), anthropic features (deforestation for crop cultivation and cattle raising) and soils (texture and pedogeochemistry). The results recommend structural actions, allowing the implementation of preventive measures such as revegetation of the area, thus minimizing the risks of land slippage and evolution of laminar erosion. Despite the dystrophic soil, the K, Ca and Mg levels only allow the vegetation implementation to be performed using NPK fertilization, reducing costs. Actions such as these are important as a way to prevent economic losses and accidents, since the area presents a Very High classification for mass movement processes.
The urban expansion and the growth of economic activities related to tourism added to the port and maritime ones, resulted in the occupation of the Serra do Mar, in the municipality of São Sebastião/SP, increasing environmental degradation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the arboreal patterns in a 0.111 ha fragment around a 4.8 ha clearing in an area of Atlantic Forest in the city of São Sebastião (SP), allowing the revegetation plan to include native species observed in the region. The phytosociological analyses used the Point-Centered Quarter Method (PCQM), using 50 sampling points (30 in close areas, 10 in the forest edge, and 10 near one of the areas drains), with a minimum distance of 20 meters between them. The main variables analyzed were commercial height, diameter to chest height, successional category, and dispersion syndrome. Also, the number of individuals of each species was observed, as well as their basal area (G), absolute and relative density (DA and DR) and dominance (DoA and DoR), relative frequency (FR), and importance value (VI). The results indicate a higher proportion of non-pioneer species, with Guapira oppositte (Vell.) presenting the highest value of importance and density, and the Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake with the highest basal area. The survey data indicate the richness of species in the study area, serving as a basis for strategies for management and conservation of the environment. Phytosociological studies, although scarce, are important to support the analysis of preservation and the use of nature.
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