Dairy farmers strive to meet industry quality standards, the industry focuses on the quality of the raw material for higher yield and quality of dairy product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bulk transportation, storage and milking system on the quality of refrigerated milk. Overall, 548 samples of refrigerated milk were collected, 312 from bulk tanks (individual and collective) and (manual and mechanical milking), 143 from tank cars and 93 from industrial silos. Mean values of proximate composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC), were compared in relation to different milking systems (manual and mechanical), type of producer (individual and collective) for these comparisons and for physicochemical analyses, total bacterial count and somatic cell count in different collections, the Tukey test at 5% significance level was used. It was observed that 40% of milk samples from bulk tanks, 69.93% of samples from tank cars and 62.36% of samples from industrial silos had SCC over 500,000 SC / ml. There was an increase of TBC from the bulk collection of milk on the farm up to the arrival of milk in the processing industry. Refrigerated milk stored in individual or collective bulk tanks obtained by manual or mechanical milking had to be adjusted to standards required by Normative Instruction number 62 of December 2011. Education and training measures such as hygienic milk collection, cleaning of milking equipment, proper implementation of mastitis control programs and refrigeration of the post-milking raw material must be adopted aiming at improving the quality of refrigerated milk.
Milk production and quality are influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, genetic factors such as breed and physiological. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lactation stage, delivery order and genetic group on the quality of milk from crossbred cows 3/4 Gyr, 7/8 Gyr and 15/16 Gyr. Fresh milk samples were collected from crossbred cows. Fat, protein, lactose, non fat dry extract (NDE) and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk according to lactation stage, delivery order of calving and genetic groups were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized. Tukey test at 5% probability was used. Animals at the final third of lactation (201 to 305 days) showed higher fat, protein, NDE and SCC levels when compared to animals of other lactation stages. First delivery animals produced milk with higher content of solids compared to animals with 2 deliveries and above three deliveries. First calving the animals produced milk with higher solids content compared to animals with two calving and above three calving. Fat, protein and NDE results of fresh milk were consistent with limits established by the Brazilian legislation for milk quality, regardless of lactation stage, delivery order of calving and genetic group. Milk SCC was higher in cows in advanced lactation stage, The results were however below limits required by law. 3/4 crossbred Gyr cows showed higher SCC, with average values above limit established by current legislation.
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