The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is giving rise to a new generation of applications built by dynamically composing loosely coupled autonomous services. Clients (i.e., software agents acting on behalf of human users or service providers) implementing such complex applications typically search and integrate services on the basis of their functional requirements and of their trust in the service suppliers. A major issue in this scenario relates to the definition of an assurance technique allowing clients to select services on the basis of their nonfunctional requirements and increasing their confidence that the selected services will satisfy such requirements. In this article, we first present an assurance solution that focuses on security and supports a test-based security certification scheme for Web services. The certification scheme is driven by the security properties to be certified and relies upon a formal definition of the service model. The evidence supporting a certified property is computed using a model-based testing approach that, starting from the service model, automatically generates the test cases to be used in the service certification. We also define a set of indexes and metrics that evaluate the assurance level and the quality of the certification process. Finally, we present our evaluation toolkit and experimental results obtained applying our certification solution to a financial service implementing the Interactive Financial eXchange (IFX) standard.
Traditional assurance solutions for software-based systems rely on static verification techniques and assume continuous availability of trusted third parties. With the advent of cloud computing, these solutions become ineffective since services/applications are flexible, dynamic, and change at run time, at high rates. Although several assurance approaches have been defined, cloud requires a step-change moving current assurance techniques to fully embrace the cloud peculiarities. In this paper, we provide a rigorous and adaptive assurance technique based on certification, towards the definition of a transparent and trusted cloud ecosystem. It aims to increase the confidence of cloud customers that every piece of the cloud (from its infrastructure to hosted applications) behaves as expected and according to their requirements. We first present a test-based certification scheme proving non-functional properties of cloud-based services. The scheme is driven by non-functional requirements defined by the certification authority and by a model of the service under certification. We then define an automatic approach to verification of consistency between requirements and models, which is at the basis of the chain of trust supported by the certification scheme. We also present a continuous certificate life cycle management process including both certificate issuing and its adaptation to address contextual changes. Finally, we describe our certification framework and an experimental evaluation of its performance, quality, applicability, and practical usability in a real industrial scenario, which considers Engineering Ingegneria Informatica S.p.A. ENGpay online payment system.
Smart cities make use of a variety of technologies, protocols, and devices to support and improve the quality of everyday activities of their inhabitants. An important aspect for the development of smart cities are innovative public policies, represented by requirements, actions, and plans aimed at reaching a specific goal for improving the society's welfare. With the advent of Big Data, the definition of such policies could be improved and reach an unprecedented effectiveness on several dimensions, e.g. social or economic. On the other hand, however, the safeguard of the privacy of its citizens is part of the quality of life of a smart city. In this paper, we focus on balancing quality of life and privacy protection in smart cities by providing a new Big Data-assisted public policy making process implementing privacy-by-design. The proposed approach is based on a Big Data Analytics as a Service approach, which is driven by a Privacy Compliance Assessment derived from the European Union's GDPR, and discussed in the context of a public health policy making process.
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