This article aimed to select items with which to evaluate the ergonomic and safety conditions in tractors used by smallholders and family farmers, based on standardization research and legislation for the sector. Brazil has a comprehensive set of technical standards and legislation for the agricultural machinery sector intended to guarantee product standardization and to promote the health and safety of the users. Therefore, the initial step of this research was to review the technical norms and legislation for the product in order to develop instruments to assess their ergonomic and safety conditions. Twenty-eight Brazilian Technical Standards (NBR) and four Regulatory Norms (NRs) were investigated, in addition to CONTRAN (the Brazilian Traffic Council) Resolution No. 227/2007, which establishes requirements for vehicle lighting and signaling systems, generating 57 safety evaluation items and 35 ergonomic items. These evaluating items were applied to six tractor models commonly sold to smallholders with a rated engine power of 37-57kW. The results indicate levels of safety unconformities as high as 39.7% for the worst case and 44.7% ergonomic-related problems for the same tractor model. These data point to the need for improvements, especially in lower power tractors.
RESUMOPara execução do processo de raleamento na Caatinga é muito importante a utilização de máquinas do tipo rotores trituradores acoplados em tratores de baixa potência, visando principalmente maior conforto e diminuição de tempo e mão-de-obra dos agricultores familiares na implantação de sistemas de exploração sustentáveis, chamados de sistemas agrossilvipastoris. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a mínima potência de corte em função dos parâmetros rotação e velocidade de avanço, utilizando uma metodologia de corte proposta para trituradores florestais. As espécies arbóreas utilizadas como amostras, foram colhidas da região da Caatinga do Ceará. Utilizando um delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial (4x5), quatro avanços (0,013 km h ) e cinco rotações (447, 638, 882, 1286 e 1792 rpm), com quatro repetições, a análise de variância resultou normal segundo os testes estatísticos de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Lilliefors. Realizou-se então a regressão na análise de variância aplicandose um delineamento inteiramente casualizado para as duas rotações que consumiram menor potência. A regressão linear foi significativa para ambas rotações e foi possível estabelecer equações lineares da potência de corte em função da velocidade de avanço do mecanismo responsável pelo corte. Dentre as espécies analisadas, determinou-se que a espécie Jurema Preta-Mimosa tenuiflora, foi a que exigiu mais demanda de potência de corte. Para esta pôde-se determinar que a rotação de 1286 rpm, consome menor potência de corte.Palavras-chave: Máquinas agrícolas; Exploração sustentável; Semiárido; Projeto de máquina. ABSTRACTIn order to carry out the process of thinning in the Caatinga, it is very important to use crusher rotor type machines coupled to low power tractors, mainly aiming to increase comfort and reduce the time and labor of family farmers in the implantation of sustainable exploitation systems, called agroforestry systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the minimum cutting power as a function of the parameters of rotation and speed of advance, using a cutting methodology proposed for forest crushers. The tree species used as samples were collected from the Caatinga region of Ceará. Using a completely randomized design in the factorial scheme (4x5), four advances (0.013 km h -1, 0.027 km h -1, 0.038 km h -1 and 0.054 km h -1) and five rotations (447, 638, 882, 1286 and 1792 rpm), with four replicates, the analysis of variance was normal according to the statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Lilliefors with p-value p> 0.10. The regression was then performed in the analysis of variance by applying a completely randomized design for the two rotations that consumed less power. The linear regression was significant for both rotations and it was possible to establish linear equations 1 IFSul -Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Pelotas/RS -Brasil. 2 UFPel -Universidade Federal de Pelotas -Pelotas/RS -Brasil.
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
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