ResumoEsta pesquisa investigou a infl uência do movimento muscular e da visão na precisão, sensibilidade e nível de confi ança na percepção háptica de peso. Os participantes compararam pesos colocados sobre as palmas das mãos e, conforme a condição experimental, podiam movimentar ou não os braços, bem como visualizar ou não suas mãos e os estímulos. Os resultados mostraram que a precisão e a sensibilidade foram infl uenciadas pelo movimento e, em menor grau, pela visão. Em geral, o movimento leva à maior precisão e mais sensibilidade, e a contribuição da visão ocorreu nas condições sem movimento. O nível de confi ança não foi infl uenciado pelo movimento, mas foi infl uenciado pela visão, sobretudo nas condições sem movimento. O nível de confi ança foi congruente à precisão dos julgamentos somente na ausência de visão, sugerindo um conhecimento implícito da precisão.Palavras-chave: sensibilidade cutânea; percepção tátil; percepção somestésica; discriminação de padrão; psicofísica. AbstractPrecision, sensitivity and confi dence in haptic perception of weight in the presence or absence of movement and vision. In this research we investigated the infl uence of muscle movement and vision in precision, sensitivity and level of confi dence in the haptic perception of weight. Th e participants compared objects' weight placed on the palms of their hands and, according to the experimental condition, they could or could not make arm movements and make visual contact with the stimuli. Th e results showed that precision and sensitivity were mainly aff ected by movement and, to a less extent, by vision. In general, movements produced better precision and sensitivity, and vision contributed only in the conditions without movement. Th e confi dence level was infl uenced by vision, especially in conditions without movement. Confi dence was consistent with precision in conditions without vision, suggesting an implicit knowledge about precision.Keywords: cutaneous sense; tactual perception; somesthetic perception; pattern discrimination; psychophysics. ResumenPrecisión, sensibilidad y confi abilidad en la percepción háptica de peso en la presencia o ausencia de movimiento y visión. Este estudio investigó la infl uencia de los movimientos musculares y visión en la precisión, la sensibilidad y el nivel de confi abilidad en la percepción háptica de peso. Los participantes compararon los pesos colocados en las palmas de las manos y, de acuerdo a la condición experimental, se podían o no mover sus brazos y visualizar o no los estímulos. Los resultados mostraron que la precisión y la sensibilidad han sido infl uenciados por el movimiento y, en menor medida, por la visión. En general, el movimiento conduce a una mayor precisión y sensibilidad, y la contribución de la visión ocurrió en las condiciones sin movimientos. El nivel de confi abilidad fue afectado por la visión, especialmente en condiciones sin movimientos. El nivel de confi anza era congruente con la precisión de los juicios únicamente en ausencia de la visión, lo que sugiere ...
Introduction Individuals with visual impairments may use long canes for estimating distances and detecting gaps, obstacles, and texture patterns. The study presented here investigated whether length perception with canes is influenced by cane material. Methods Visually impaired, sighted-blindfolded, and sighted individuals (n = 30 for each group) participated in this study. Each group was divided into three subgroups (with 5 females and 5 males each) according to cane material. The canes (length = 80 cm, diameter = 1.5 cm) were made of wood, polyethene plastic, or aluminum. The participants were required to judge whether comparison stimuli were shorter than, equal to, or longer than the standard stimulus. Two sessions (for horizontal or vertical lines) were carried out on consecutive days. Results Cane material was not a significant factor influencing accuracy, F(2, 79) = 2.47, p = .091, and difference threshold, F(2, 79) = 2.01, p = .14, in length perception for the three groups of participants, but cane material interacted with orientation of stimuli, F(2, 79) = 3.24, p = .044. There were significant group differences for accuracy, F(2, 79) = 9.6, p <.001, and difference threshold, F(2, 79) = 8.8, p < .001, revealing that participants with visual impairments were better at discriminating length than sighted-blindfolded participants. Discussion Our results provide evidence that length perception with canes is not significantly influenced by cane material. The significant group differences for accuracy and difference threshold indicate that assessing visually impaired participants may be more adequate in studies aimed at investigating aspects related to long canes. Implications for practitioners Orientation and mobility (O&M) instructors can report that there is experimental evidence that cane material is not a significant factor in conveying spatial (length) information, although some evidence suggests that it is a significant factor in conveying tactile information such as the roughness of surface textures.
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