A técnica HPLC tem tido importante aplicação na análise de princípios ativos em preparações farmacêuticas. Algumas vezes, contudo, o uso desta técnica que, presumivelmente é mais rápida, simples e confiável, não é o mais indicado. Em vários casos, métodos mais simples e rápidos oferecem evidentes vantagens. Neste trabalho, foi feita a comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo método recomendado, HPLC, com aqueles obtidos por refletância difusa no UV-Visível e, também, com medidas clássicas de transmitância. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados entre si usando o procedimento estatístico pareado de Student, tendo sido observada total concordância entre eles em nível de confiança de 95%. Entre os métodos usados, o de refletância difusa apresenta a maior simplicidade operacional. O de transmitância apresenta a maior precisão. A exatidão dos três métodos é similar. Uma característica interessante do método refletométrico proposto é que, apesar de ser quantitativo, não é necessário pesar as alíquotas das preparações farmacêuticas para o procedimento analítico.HLPC has been an important technique in the analysis of pharmaceutical principles in pharmaceutical preparations. Sometimes, however, the use of this technique presumed to be more rapid, simple and reliable, is not the most adequate. In various cases simpler and more rapid methods can be used with clear advantages. In the present work the comparison of the quantitative results obtained with the HPLC recommended method with those resulted from the UV-Visible diffuse reflectance determination procedure and with the classical transmittance measurements of aqueous solutions was done. The experimental results of the three methods were compared through the statistical Student's t test and agreement was observed at 95% confidence level. Among them the diffuse UV-Visible reflectance procedure is the simplest and the transmittance method offered the highest precision. The accuracy of the three methods is similar. A very interesting characteristic of the proposed reflectance method is that, despite the fact that it is quantitative, no weighing of aliquots is needed.
furantoin is absorbed after oral intake, however it does not reach therapeutic concentrations in the plasma and in the tissues since it is rapidly eliminated through both renal and biliary routes after rapid absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract.2 Since macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin is more slowly absorbed and presents less collateral effects, it is usually commercialized in this form [2,6].Some analytical methods are employed for the determination of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical preparations. For example: spectrophotometric [7][8][9][10]; spectrofluorimetric [11,12]; voltametric [13,14]; chromatographic [15,16], methods have been described.The development of simple and rapid analytical methods is always interesting. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region of the spectrum frequently allows the direct quantitative analysis of analytes with a minimum of treatment, with consequent decreases in manipulation and in the use of organic solvents and chemical reagents. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using spot tests has been used with success in quantitative analysis of many drugs [17][18][19][21][22][23][24].In aim of the present work was the development of a quantitative diffuse reflectance method, in the ultraviolet-visible range of the spectrum, for the deter- IntroductionNitrofurantoin,[N-(5-nitro-2-furyldine)-1-aminohydantoin], C 8 H 6 N 4 O 5 , whose structural formula is shown in Figure 1, is a nitro compound very active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [1]. It is also effective against Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly in the acidic medium of the urinary treat. This drug is used as antibacterial agent in urinary infections with doses from 5 to 10 mg per day [2,3]. The mechanism of action of the 5-nitrofuranic derivatives is not yet completely elucidated [4,5]. NitroTwo quantitative analytical methods for the determination of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical preparations in the visible-ultraviolet range of the spectrum are reported. One of them uses the diffuse reflectance technique and the other transmittance measurements in aqueous solution. Both procedures are very simple to be performed and also present green characteristics as only polyethylene glycol and water are used as solvents. Commercial pharmaceutical preparations of the drug were analyzed using the proposed methods. The results were compared with those obtained when the HPLC procedure recommended by the USP was applied. Statistical comparison using the paired Student's t test and the Snedecor's F test showed good agreement between all the methods.Keywords: nitrofurantoin ; UV-visible diffuse reflectance ; transmittance, pharmaceutical preparations GREEN AND SIMPLE UV-VISIBLE DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NITROFURANTOIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
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